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小兒腹瀉反復(fù)發(fā)作 除了正確用藥更要做好這幾點(diǎn)

出處：媽媽育兒網(wǎng)日期：2017-03-25 15:22:43編輯：白雪

腹瀉（拉肚了）是時(shí)常發(fā)生在年幼的嬰幼兒寶寶身上的問(wèn)題，寶寶經(jīng)常腹瀉，還反反復(fù)復(fù)？！這是媽媽最頭疼的問(wèn)題了，很多媽媽面對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題常常擔(dān)心煩惱，卻又手足無(wú)措。

什么是腹瀉？

一般拉肚子的現(xiàn)象出現(xiàn)在孩子小于2歲的情況比較多，6-11月的嬰兒尤為高發(fā)，經(jīng)常腹瀉會(huì)導(dǎo)致孩子發(fā)育不良甚至有可能導(dǎo)致孩子脫水死亡。

小兒腹瀉反復(fù)發(fā)作

腹瀉的原因是什么？

1、喂養(yǎng)不當(dāng)

爸媽給新生寶寶喂食的奶粉過(guò)濃、奶粉不適合、奶粉中加糖、奶液過(guò)涼或過(guò)早添加米糊等淀粉類食物，都會(huì)容易導(dǎo)致寶寶積食，從而引起腹瀉。

2、對(duì)奶粉過(guò)敏

100名寶寶中有2-7名會(huì)對(duì)奶粉蛋白質(zhì)過(guò)敏，有遺傳性過(guò)敏體質(zhì)的新生寶寶更容易產(chǎn)生對(duì)奶粉蛋白質(zhì)的過(guò)敏癥狀。

3、病毒或細(xì)菌感染

患感冒：寶寶在患感冒時(shí)，會(huì)經(jīng)常伴有腹瀉癥狀，因此只要從根本上把感冒治好，腹瀉也就自然而然地痊愈了。

病毒或細(xì)菌感染：新生兒免疫功能差尤其是腸道的免疫能力就更低，當(dāng)腸道感染時(shí)，沒(méi)有能力去減弱和中和細(xì)菌的毒力。寶寶就會(huì)出現(xiàn)拉肚子的癥狀。

如何判斷寶寶是不是腹瀉？

次數(shù)：

小嬰兒每天的大便次數(shù)通常為一天排便2—5次，有的嬰兒會(huì)一天排便7—8次，相對(duì)人工喂養(yǎng)而言，母乳喂養(yǎng)的嬰兒排便次數(shù)較多。隨著嬰兒月齡的增長(zhǎng)，大便次數(shù)會(huì)逐漸減少，2—3個(gè)月后大便次數(shù)會(huì)減少到每天1—2次。

所以爸媽平時(shí)要用心觀察記錄好孩子的正常的排便習(xí)慣，一旦超出上面的參考數(shù)額，才能在第一時(shí)間判斷他是不是拉肚子了。

形態(tài)：

質(zhì)地比平時(shí)稀薄，甚至出現(xiàn)水樣便，像是從屁股里噴射出來(lái)一樣。這些可能就是嬰兒腹瀉的癥狀，通常還會(huì)伴有不愛(ài)吃飯、肚子脹痛等腸胃不適癥狀了。

從大便的性狀怎么推測(cè)病因？

大便糊狀，有腐食味，可能為消化不良；

大便稀水樣，次數(shù)多，可能為急性胃腸炎；

大便帶膿血，粘液多，可能感染了菌?。?/p>

大便蛋花湯樣，可能為病毒性腹瀉。

如何判斷寶寶已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)缺水現(xiàn)象？

（敲黑板！重點(diǎn)！一旦出現(xiàn)以下癥狀，要把寶寶第一時(shí)間送去醫(yī)院！）

1、在過(guò)去幾小時(shí)里沒(méi)有喝東西或無(wú)法喝進(jìn)水；

2、6-8小時(shí)內(nèi)無(wú)小便，嬰兒4-6小時(shí)內(nèi)尿片不濕；

3、嘴唇干、精神不振、眼窩塌陷、眼淚少或無(wú)淚；

4、囟門、腹部凹陷。

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