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護(hù)理腹瀉寶寶的五大“雷區(qū)” 踩不得(2)

出處：媽媽育兒網(wǎng)日期：2013-07-16 10:55:19編輯：Chen

寶寶腹瀉應(yīng)該多喝水　×

點評

腹瀉寶寶不宜喝水，因為寶寶持續(xù)腹瀉，丟失的鉀和鈉比較多，白開水中并不含這些成分，而且過量飲水會稀釋胃酸，影響孩子食欲。如果孩子口渴的話，可以給他服用口服補(bǔ)液。因為口服補(bǔ)液中含有適當(dāng)比例的糖、堿、氯化鉀和氯化鈉，可以幫助寶寶補(bǔ)充丟失的電解質(zhì)，讓寶寶盡快恢復(fù)。

孩子腹瀉即禁食　×

張奶奶的寶貝孫子晟晟傷食后出現(xiàn)腹瀉，每天拉稀水便六七次，還伴有嘔吐。張奶奶自作主張，認(rèn)為孩子越吃越拉，決定給他禁食，餓得孩子哭鬧不止，腹瀉癥狀也未減輕。

點評

民間主張對急性腹瀉采用禁食8-12小時，甚至24小時的饑餓療法實際上是錯誤的。研究表明，即使急性腹瀉時，患兒胃腸道的消化吸收功能也不會完全消失，對營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的吸收仍可達(dá)到正常的60%-90%。

較長時間的饑餓，不僅不利于患兒營養(yǎng)的維持，還會使其營養(yǎng)狀況進(jìn)一步惡化，并影響腸粘膜的修復(fù)、更新，降低小腸的吸收能力，使免疫力下降，反復(fù)感染，最后導(dǎo)致“腹瀉——營養(yǎng)不良——易致腹瀉”的惡性循環(huán)中。

因此，對急性腹瀉兒應(yīng)繼續(xù)喂食。母乳喂養(yǎng)兒可自由吃奶及喂水；人工喂養(yǎng)兒可先喂稀釋牛奶（牛奶1份加水2份）2-3天，以后逐漸增至全奶；半歲以上的患兒可選用米湯、稀飯或爛面條等，并給些新鮮水果汁或水果以補(bǔ)充鉀，再加些熟植物油、蔬菜、肉末或魚末等，但均需由少到多，逐漸過渡到已經(jīng)習(xí)慣的平常飲食。

服糖鹽開水可防止脫水　×

甜甜才11個月，患秋季腹瀉，每天拉稀水樣便5-8次，每次大便量多。甜甜媽聽說給孩子服糖鹽開水可防止脫水，于是在溫開水中加些白糖和食鹽給孩子喂服，結(jié)果甜甜脫水現(xiàn)象反而加重，只好上醫(yī)院看醫(yī)生。

點評

在白開水中隨意加糖、鹽是不能起到防治脫水作用的。正確配制糖鹽水的方法見護(hù)理重點中：預(yù)防脫水一節(jié)。

雞湯作為一種營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)，對人體確有補(bǔ)益作用，但這并不意味著什么人都適宜喝雞湯。無庸置疑，嬰幼兒腹瀉時會隨胃湯液丟失大量的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)。因而，一些年輕的父母為孩子增加營養(yǎng)，喜歡給孩子喂食高營養(yǎng)的液狀食物，比如雞湯等。

殊不知，給孩子喂雞湯不但達(dá)不到壯體強(qiáng)身的目的，反而會給孩子帶來麻煩。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，雞湯進(jìn)人人體后，蛋白質(zhì)合成顯著增多，而人體每合成1克蛋白質(zhì)即需0．45毫克當(dāng)量的鉀，由于鉀不斷進(jìn)入細(xì)胞，人體為維持平衡，鈉也大量進(jìn)入血液和細(xì)胞液中，因而造成體液高滲——高鈉血癥。所以，嬰幼兒在腹瀉時不宜喝雞湯。

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