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嬰兒腹瀉癥狀 媽媽要準確區(qū)別嬰兒腹瀉的癥狀(3)

出處：媽媽育兒網(wǎng)日期：2016-11-27 18:24:45編輯：七七

2)代謝性酸中毒

脫水大多有不同程度的代謝性酸中毒。

主要表現(xiàn)為精神萎靡、嗜睡、呼吸深長呈嘆息狀，口唇櫻紅，嚴重者意識不清、新生兒及小嬰兒呼吸代償功能差，呼吸節(jié)律改變不明顯，主要表現(xiàn)為嗜睡、面色蒼白、拒食、衰弱等，應注意早期發(fā)現(xiàn)。

3)低鉀血癥

病程在1周以上時低鉀血癥相繼出現(xiàn)。營養(yǎng)不良者出現(xiàn)較早且較重。在脫水未糾正前，因血液濃縮、尿少，血鉀濃度可維持正常，此時很少出現(xiàn)低鉀血癥。輸入不含鉀的液體后，隨著血液被稀釋，才逐漸出現(xiàn)。

血清鉀低于3. 5mmol/L以下，表現(xiàn)為精神萎靡，肌張力減低，腹脹，腸蠕動減弱或消失，心音低鈍。

腱反射減弱或消失。嚴重者昏迷、腸麻痹、呼吸肌麻痹、心率減慢、心律不齊、心尖部收縮期雜音，可危及生命。

心電圖表現(xiàn)ST段下移，T波壓低、平坦、雙相、倒置，出現(xiàn)U波，P-R間期和Q-T間期延長。

(4)低鈣血癥和低鎂血癥

在脫水與酸中毒糾正后可出現(xiàn)低鈣血癥。表現(xiàn)煩躁，手足搐搦或驚厥。

原有營養(yǎng)不良、佝僂病更易出現(xiàn)，少數(shù)患兒可出現(xiàn)低鎂血癥，表現(xiàn)為手足震顫，舞蹈病樣不隨意運動，易受刺激，煩躁不安。嚴重者可發(fā)生驚厥。

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