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護理早產(chǎn)兒 爸媽必須了解的7個小常識(2)

出處：媽媽育兒網(wǎng) 日期：2015-04-02 10:39:36 編輯：Chen

4.早產(chǎn)寶寶的護理溫度

早產(chǎn)的寶寶那就要相當注意了，要爸爸媽媽密切觀察早產(chǎn)兒最好母乳喂養(yǎng)，無法母乳喂養(yǎng)者以早產(chǎn)兒配方乳為宜早產(chǎn)兒抵抗力比足月兒更低，消毒隔離要求更高早產(chǎn)兒室的溫度應(yīng)保持在24～26℃，晨間護理時提高到27～28℃，相對濕度55%～65%。應(yīng)根據(jù)早產(chǎn)兒的體重、成熟度及病情，給予不同的保暖措施，加強體溫監(jiān)測。

5.早產(chǎn)兒的居家保健問題

寶寶的居室應(yīng)陽光充足，通氣良好，冬季室內(nèi)溫度應(yīng)盡可能達到18攝氏度～20攝氏度，濕度為55%～60%。早產(chǎn)兒的免疫功能尚不成熟，對各種感染抵抗力差，預防感染至關(guān)重要。因此，家長要做好居室的日常清潔和消毒工作，定期大掃除，并配合適當?shù)娜樗嵴舭l(fā)消毒。另外，不能讓病患者進入寶寶的居室。

6.早產(chǎn)兒的皮膚護理問題

寶寶皮膚嬌嫩，應(yīng)每日洗澡，保持皮膚清潔，以減少菌群聚集。洗澡前要做好準備工作（準備好要換的衣物、洗護用品及調(diào)好水溫等），洗澡過程要注意保溫，動作迅速，臍殘端未愈時，要注意保護好寶寶的臍部，以免污水進入，引起感染。洗澡完畢，應(yīng)迅速用溫熱的干毛巾擦干寶寶身體，及時為他穿上衣服。寶寶每次大便后，應(yīng)用溫水清洗臀部，以免發(fā)生“紅臀”現(xiàn)象。

7.及時衡量發(fā)育指標

父母可以在醫(yī)生指導下，通過矯正月齡（實際月齡減去早產(chǎn)月份，如早2個月出生則減2），用頭圍、體重、身長三項指標，及時衡量寶寶的發(fā)育速度是否合適。

剛出院時，最好一兩周就要復查一次；若寶寶生長穩(wěn)定，出生2個月后，可改為一兩個月復查一次。矯正月齡達6個月時，要加入對行為發(fā)育的評估，看看寶寶對外界刺激，如聲音、移動物體是否有反應(yīng)；10個月時，檢查其爬行和運動協(xié)調(diào)能力，預防腦癱。1歲后，每3個月復查一次，主要觀察語言發(fā)育和運動發(fā)育；2歲后可每半年復查一次。

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