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自我判斷新生寶寶是否健康的10個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(3)

出處：媽媽育兒網(wǎng) 日期：2012-08-24 11:39:18 編輯：Chen

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)八研究新生兒反射行為

新生兒出生后，就會(huì)有覓食、吸吮、伸舌、吞咽及擁抱等非常有趣的反射條件行為。這些反射正是寶寶身體健康的表現(xiàn)。比如，最典型的就是吞咽反射：當(dāng)你用手指或奶瓶輕輕觸動(dòng)寶寶的嘴邊或口腔黏膜，他馬上就會(huì)把嘴和舌頭伸過(guò)去，開(kāi)始有力地吸吮起來(lái)。這個(gè)動(dòng)作能引發(fā)寶寶有節(jié)奏的吸吮運(yùn)動(dòng)。

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)九發(fā)現(xiàn)新生兒視線發(fā)展

給新生兒照射光可引起眼的反射。自第二月開(kāi)始視線會(huì)追隨活動(dòng)的玩具。

新生寶寶視覺(jué)發(fā)展，也是一步一步來(lái)的，遵循這五個(gè)規(guī)律。

1、新生兒在清醒時(shí)，只要光不太強(qiáng)，都會(huì)睜開(kāi)眼睛。

2、在黑暗中，新生兒也保持對(duì)環(huán)境的有控制的、仔細(xì)的搜索。

3、在光適度的環(huán)境中，面對(duì)無(wú)形狀的情景時(shí)，新生兒會(huì)對(duì)相當(dāng)廣泛的范圍進(jìn)行掃視，搜索物體的邊緣。

4、新生兒一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)物體的邊緣，就會(huì)停止掃視活動(dòng)，視覺(jué)停留在物體邊緣附近，并試圖用視覺(jué)跨越邊緣。如邊緣離中心太遠(yuǎn)，視覺(jué)不可能達(dá)到時(shí)，嬰兒就會(huì)繼續(xù)搜索其他邊緣。

5、當(dāng)新生兒的視線落在物體邊緣附近時(shí)，便會(huì)去注意物體的整體輪廓。如新生兒在觀看白色背景上的黑色長(zhǎng)方形時(shí)，其視線會(huì)跳到黑色輪廓上，在它附近徘徊，而不是在整個(gè)視野游蕩，這表明新生兒偏愛(ài)注意對(duì)比鮮明的圖案，而且偏愛(ài)注意輪廓或形狀的邊緣，而不是圖案的內(nèi)容。

利用這些規(guī)律，媽媽們可以運(yùn)用一些小游戲讓寶寶訓(xùn)練視力呢。

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)十觀察新生兒聽(tīng)覺(jué)增強(qiáng)

出生后3-7天新生兒的聽(tīng)覺(jué)逐漸增強(qiáng)，聽(tīng)見(jiàn)響聲可引起眨眼等動(dòng)作。

醫(yī)學(xué)研究表明，雖然人的聽(tīng)覺(jué)在媽媽肚子里就已形成，但聽(tīng)力發(fā)育的關(guān)鍵期則在嬰幼兒階段。也就是說(shuō)，決定孩子終生聽(tīng)力良好的前提是，抓好寶寶3歲前的的聽(tīng)覺(jué)保健。寶寶聽(tīng)力需在保護(hù)中發(fā)展。醫(yī)學(xué)專家強(qiáng)調(diào)，在嬰兒的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)和聽(tīng)覺(jué)器官還未發(fā)育成熟的情況下，任何外來(lái)的不良因素，都可能使聽(tīng)力發(fā)展受到干擾甚至破壞。

首先，媽媽要積極預(yù)防麻疹、流行性腦膜炎、乙型腦炎、中耳炎等疾病，它們均會(huì)不同程度地?fù)p傷嬰兒的聽(tīng)覺(jué)器官，進(jìn)而造成聽(tīng)覺(jué)障礙。

其次，要慎重用藥。不少藥物具有耳毒性，特別是鏈霉素、慶大霉素、氯霉素等抗生素。

然后，是要盡量避開(kāi)噪聲。嬰兒的聽(tīng)覺(jué)器官外耳道短而窄，加之耳膜薄，不能耐受過(guò)強(qiáng)的聲音刺激，特別是尖銳噪聲會(huì)損傷嬰兒柔嫩的聽(tīng)覺(jué)器官而削弱聽(tīng)覺(jué)，甚至引起噪聲性耳聾。

最后，還要注意不要隨意掏挖寶寶的耳朵，耳屎是可以阻止塵埃、小蟲(chóng)的入侵，緩沖噪聲，保護(hù)鼓膜等一定的生理作用的。另外，耳屎的油膩性還可阻止外界水分的侵入。

本文由媽媽育兒網(wǎng)（http://15thirdstreetblackrock.com/）小編編輯整理

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