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新生寶寶能看見東西嗎

出處:網(wǎng)絡收集 日期:2024-09-02 00:24:33 編輯:胖虎愛撩妹
  新生兒的視力如何?有人覺得小寶寶看不見東西,有人卻覺得視覺是寶寶與生俱來的能力,哪一個觀點是對的?小寶寶究竟能否看見東西?
 
  新生寶寶能看見東西嗎?
 
  反方:長期以來人們總認為新生寶寶沒有視力,他們只會睡、哭、拉、吃,要幾個月
 
后才能看到東西。
 
  正方:新生寶寶從一出生就已經(jīng)具有了一定的認識世界的能力,他們在覺醒狀態(tài)下不僅會看東西,而且還能用眼與人交流感情。
 
  結論:現(xiàn)在對新生寶寶視能力認可的觀點正在被越來越多的人接受。
 
  新生寶寶出生后通常會有一段安靜覺醒的時間,這時寶寶很少活動,如果那時周圍環(huán)境溫暖,室內(nèi)光線不太亮,他會慢慢睜開雙眼,好奇地注視周圍,注視父母的臉,專心地聽他們說話,用他自己獨特的方式和感覺開始與家人交往,幾乎所有健康的新生兒出生后幾分鐘就開始有這種看的能力。
 
  新生寶寶的視力特點
 
  1.他是一個遠視眼
 
  新生寶寶的出生使他從漆黑的世界來到明亮的世界,所以寶寶早期視焦距調(diào)節(jié)能力較差——他是個遠視眼,對觀察物的敏感性低于成人,如果這時選用的觀察刺激物太近、太遠、太小、移動太快均會使寶寶不能很好地捕捉到觀察物,動力視網(wǎng)膜鏡顯示新生寶寶最優(yōu)視焦距為19厘米。這就是為什么人們會覺得新生寶寶不會看東西的原因了,因為大家不了解新生寶寶的視力特點,一味按照成人看東西的樣子和距離把物體放在寶寶眼前晃晃,寶寶沒有反應就誤以為他看不見,其實新生寶寶看東西的最佳距離是20厘米,相當于媽媽喂奶時母親臉和寶寶臉之間的距離,這種視覺狀態(tài)一直要持續(xù)到生后3~4個月時,寶寶才會有良好的視焦距調(diào)節(jié)能力。
 
  2.他只在安靜覺醒時才看東西
 
  新生寶寶看東西的能力與他當時所處的狀態(tài)有關,他們只在安靜覺醒狀態(tài)時才有看東西的興趣,然而新生寶寶的這種安靜覺醒狀態(tài)時間又是很短暫的,僅占一天時間的1∕10,所以你要捕捉到寶寶看東西的能力,除了要有足夠的耐心外,還要學會敏銳地認識新生寶寶的覺醒狀態(tài),善于抓住時機。
 
  這種狀態(tài)一般在吃奶后一小時左右最容易獲得,但不是剛吃完奶后哦,因為這時寶寶很困不易覺醒;也不是在喂奶前,這時的寶寶餓了沒興趣和你合作;室內(nèi)光線不宜太亮,強光會使寶寶睜不開眼,為了引出寶寶視覺表現(xiàn),應將寶寶半臥位抱在你膝上,拿鮮明的物體引起他的注意或讓他看你的臉,不久肯定會使你驚喜。
 
  3.他喜歡看人臉
 
  新生寶寶一般喜歡看輪廓鮮明和色彩對比強烈的圖形,還喜歡看人臉,當你和寶寶面對面互相對視時,你會發(fā)現(xiàn)這時的寶寶往往將眼睛睜得大大的,眼光明亮,而且常常會停住吸吮或運動,全神貫注地凝視你。這時如果你仍面對寶寶的臉,而將頭向一側慢慢移動,寶寶可能也會追隨你向著水平或垂直方向慢慢移動眼和頭。假如你戴著眼鏡與寶寶說話,就更能吸引他,因為眼鏡的折光,聲音的刺激和嘴的活動更能刺激寶寶,增強他的感受,吸引寶寶的注意力。
 
  4.他看后能記住物品
 
  讓人覺得有趣的是,新生寶寶除了能看東西外,還有看后記住物品的能力。在寶寶床頭掛一個玩具,開始時寶寶會注意它,時間一長他就會不感興趣了,關注的時間日漸縮短,當你換上一件新物品時,寶寶又會重新表現(xiàn)出興趣去注視它,這說明寶寶對已看過的玩具具有早期記憶能力。
 
  曾有一位患感冒的母親為了保護寶寶,喂奶時特意戴上口罩,當她抱起出生后一周的寶寶時,就發(fā)現(xiàn)寶寶不斷地看她的臉,然后吃奶少了、入睡也不容易,這是新生寶寶發(fā)現(xiàn)喂奶的媽媽和自己記憶中母親的樣子發(fā)生了改變而表現(xiàn)出不安和心神不定。
 
  5.他看后還能模仿
 
  新生寶寶在視能力的基礎上,有時還能引出模仿人表情的奇妙能力:例如張嘴、吐舌頭、噘嘴、打哈欠、驚奇和高興等表情。
 
  一個正常新生兒生后就具有活躍的視聽能力,他既能看也能聽,在覺醒狀態(tài)時他們會饒有興趣地看著周圍,并由此認識和交往周圍,所以良好的早期視覺刺激對促進寶寶大腦結構和功能的發(fā)育極為重要,因此訓練寶寶視覺能力也是月子媽媽的一項重要工作。你可以:
 
  ●在寶寶小床和臥室墻上掛上一些色彩鮮艷、能晃動的小玩具、小旗幟、小球等,品種多樣,經(jīng)常更換,以吸引寶寶看的興趣。
 
  ●利用一些發(fā)聲玩具或柔和音樂刺激寶寶看和聽的能力尋找聲源。
 
  ●在寶寶覺醒時注意與寶寶說說話,可以慢慢擺動你的頭部,設法吸引寶寶的視線追隨你移動。
 
  ●在寶寶的耳邊(約10厘米左右)輕輕呼喚寶寶,使他聽到你的聲音后轉(zhuǎn)過頭來看你,親親寶寶的小臉讓寶寶感受和分辨媽媽爸爸臉部表情以及聲音。
 
  ●充分利用喂奶和護理的機會隨時隨地與寶寶說話和眼與眼的對視,使寶寶既能看到你又能聽到你的聲音,還有優(yōu)美音樂相伴,使母子情緒愉快。
 
  注意: 新生寶寶很容易疲勞,所以每次訓練時間不宜過長。另外,玩具的放置距離要適中,不宜過近也不能太遠。
 
  通過實踐和摸索,年輕的爸爸媽媽一定會感覺到自己寶寶的神奇能力,抓住寶寶覺醒的時機,在與寶寶熱切地相視中,交流感情,寄托希望,傳遞祝福,增進母子間真摯的愛。

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