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抗生素≠消炎藥，牢記10個關(guān)鍵字！避免3大錯！

出處：媽媽育兒網(wǎng)日期：2019-01-28 15:57:05編輯：白雪

○ 抗生素不能亂吃，吃出超級細(xì)菌來，可就無藥可救了！

○ 抗生素和消炎藥不一樣，抗生素只對細(xì)菌有用，對病毒沒效果！

說起有關(guān)抗生素的小常識，相信寶爸媽都懂，但寶寶一旦生病我們心里又該打起鼓來。

醫(yī)生給開的抗生素，到底用不用？

光知道抗生素不能用了，但哪些藥屬于抗生素？

一個療程要好幾天，寶寶癥狀減輕了，能不能停藥?。?/p>

今天科大大就跟大家一起把抗生素這點事聊的透透的~

抗生素是如何作用的？

為啥要給娃用抗生素？那一定是因為生病了呀！所以談危害，我們要先從身體對付外來細(xì)菌的原理說起。

① 人體自身的作戰(zhàn)系統(tǒng)

如果把我們的身體看成是一座大城堡，致病細(xì)菌就是要來攻陷城堡的外部敵人。

② 抗生素的作戰(zhàn)方式

如果體內(nèi)吞噬細(xì)胞打不過敵方細(xì)菌了，就要用抗生素準(zhǔn)備與敵人同歸于盡。

抗生素在細(xì)菌面前屬于“核武器”，甭管細(xì)菌是好是壞，只要用了抗生素，立馬全部消滅！

③ 這么看來，抗生素沒啥壞處？

歐洲疾病預(yù)防控制中心發(fā)布的聲明：每年歐盟有2.5萬人死于耐藥性細(xì)菌感染。

世界衛(wèi)生組織估計，若不針對抗生素耐藥采取行動，未來30年，每年可能會導(dǎo)致全球1000萬人因抗生素耐藥性而死亡。

相當(dāng)于每3秒就有一人離世，比目前癌癥導(dǎo)致的死亡還要多！

在中國，住院患者抗生素的應(yīng)用率為80%，遠(yuǎn)高于國際水平30%，更具體一點說，我國人均消費抗生素138g左右，美國僅為13g！

抗生素≠消炎藥

很多寶爸媽知道不能吃抗生素，但寶寶一感冒發(fā)燒，就給寶寶吃阿莫西林，美其名曰：消消炎。

但真相是——阿莫西林屬于抗生素！

① 什么是炎癥？

回到最開始的例子，體內(nèi)防衛(wèi)隊在和入侵?jǐn)橙舜蛘虝r，戰(zhàn)場上自然會彌漫著硝煙。

在我們身體上的表現(xiàn)就是出現(xiàn)各種炎癥，大多表現(xiàn)為：紅、腫、熱、痛等癥狀。

引起這些炎癥的外來軍，可能是細(xì)菌也可能是病毒、真菌、過敏、跌打損傷等。

② 抗生素“消炎”

抗生素只針對細(xì)菌、支原體等敏感菌引起的特定感染有效果，對病毒、真菌、過敏、跌打損傷引起的炎癥毫無作用。

③ 消炎藥“消炎”

消炎藥就比較簡單粗暴了，也就是我們俗稱的對癥治療。

發(fā)燒了就退熱、哪疼了就鎮(zhèn)痛，我們自身身體里分泌的【可的松類激素】也是一種消炎藥。

這就是俗稱的“吃藥一禮拜好，不吃藥7天好”，感冒引起的嗓子疼，我們不用藥，靠自身分泌的消炎藥，過幾天就好了。

簡單根據(jù)抗生素和消炎藥的做用機理進行區(qū)分：

抗生素“消炎”：只針對部分細(xì)菌感染引起的炎癥，其他情況無用。

消炎藥“消炎”：針對病毒、外傷等情況引起的炎癥，能夠直達癥處、直接緩解。

識破抗生素、消炎藥

① 記住抗生素的關(guān)鍵字

牢記以下10個字，科大大可是要不定期抽查的哦！

西林、頭孢、沙星、霉素、硝唑，凡是帶這些字的藥品，就是抗生素。

如：阿莫西林、頭孢拉定、左氧氟沙星、阿奇霉素、甲硝唑等。

人手一份抗生素家族譜

熟讀并背誦

更簡單的方法是，記住一句話，只要是抗生素，藥品說明書上一定會寫“對xx細(xì)菌有較好的抗菌作用”。

② 消炎藥的關(guān)鍵字

常見的消炎藥有兩類，一類是我們常說的激素，關(guān)鍵字為【xx松】，比如可的松、氫化可的松、地塞米松等。

另一類是常見的消炎止痛藥，比如阿司匹林、布洛芬、美洛昔康等。

過敏性鼻炎常用激素類的鼻噴霧劑，發(fā)燒頭痛可以選擇止痛類的布洛芬。

抗生素、消炎藥的注意事項

① 抗生素

用藥滿療程

寶寶癥狀減輕了，不代表體內(nèi)戰(zhàn)斗就結(jié)束了，只有用滿療程才能讓抗生素完全殲滅敵軍。

少數(shù)殘黨活下來，就可能成為有耐藥基因的細(xì)菌，一步步變身超級細(xì)菌。

不吃剩余藥

不要把其他人吃的抗生素給寶寶吃，也不要把之前剩的藥盲目給寶寶吃。

剩藥可能不能治療寶寶的這次感染，也有過期的風(fēng)險。

能口服就不注射

用抗生素治療輕度感染時，首選口服。

如果重度感染，最初醫(yī)生可能會用抗生素藥方進行輸液，一旦病情穩(wěn)重，就可以換成口服抗生素。

所以醫(yī)生在給寶寶輸液前，建議寶爸媽多問問醫(yī)生寶寶的情況，多問一句：“一定要輸液嗎？能不能換成口服的？”

② 消炎藥

帶有“消炎”二字的中成藥，不一定有消炎的效果，比如之前被修改過說明書的“蒲地藍”。

這種中成藥成分里并沒有消炎藥，既不屬于抗生素也不是消炎藥，和消炎沾邊的就只有它的名字了。

這就是抓住了我們想給娃消炎的心理，用名字當(dāng)做賣點，在選擇時，寶爸媽一點要擦亮你們的雙眼！

科大大嘚吧嘚：

不主動、不拒絕、不亂來。

注意！這不是撩妹原則，這是使用抗生素的原則！

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