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寶寶濕疹與蕁麻疹的區(qū)別

出處：媽媽育兒網(wǎng)日期：2015-12-31 19:10:47編輯：Chen

 寶寶濕疹是一種很常見的皮膚病，通常發(fā)生在新生兒或幾個月的嬰兒身上，尤其是臉上極為普遍。濕疹的主要癥狀一般表現(xiàn)為起紅顆粒、有瘙癢癥狀，由于濕疹和皮膚過敏（蕁麻疹）的癥狀很相似。兩者作為不同的皮膚病，在發(fā)病期間卻常常容易讓人混淆。

由于兩種病情完全不一樣，治療的方法也不同。所以，學會區(qū)分濕疹與蕁麻疹極為重要。今天，媽媽育兒網(wǎng)小編就帶各位麻麻一起去學會如何區(qū)分濕疹與蕁麻疹。

什么是濕疹

濕疹是一種常見的由多種內(nèi)外因素引起的表皮及真皮淺層的炎癥性皮膚病。其特點為自覺 劇烈瘙癢，皮損多形性，對稱分布，有滲出傾向，慢性病程，易反復發(fā)作。其臨床表現(xiàn)具有對稱性、滲出性、瘙癢性皮膚病、多形性和復發(fā)性等特點。

濕疹是一種容易復發(fā)的皮膚病，治療需要專用藥如濕康，也是一種過敏性炎癥性皮膚病以皮疹多樣性，對稱分布、劇烈瘙癢反復發(fā)作、易演變成慢性為特征?？砂l(fā)生于任何年齡任何部位，任何季節(jié)，但常在冬季復發(fā)或加劇有滲出傾向，慢性病程，易反復發(fā)作。

濕疹具有遺傳因素，如果祖輩患有濕疹，父輩或子悲患濕疹的幾率普遍高許多。也許有些患者會因此認為，濕疹會在與家里病患的接觸中被傳染上。當濕疹引起奇癢難忍時，用熱水洗澡火熱敷患處，癢的部位會馬上覺得舒服許多。

但是，這種舒適的感覺是指暫時性的，之后患處反而會越來越癢。這是因為用皂液和熱水洗澡時間太久，身體表層具有保護作用的皮脂會消失，造成皮膚干燥，而末梢神經(jīng)敏感與興奮，連帶出現(xiàn)瘙癢的現(xiàn)象。因此，越用熱水洗澡，皮膚就越干燥，濕疹的情況就會更嚴重。

什么是蕁麻疹

蕁麻疹(皮膚性病科)系多種不同原因所致的一種常見皮膚、粘膜血管反應性疾病。臨床上以皮膚、粘膜的局限性、暫時性、瘙癢性潮紅斑和風團為特征。其發(fā)病機理可以是免疫性的（最常見的ＩｇＥ介導的Ｉ型變態(tài)反應）和非免疫性的。

蕁麻疹常見的病因有：食物及添加劑、藥物、感染、動物、植物及吸入物、物理因素、內(nèi)臟疾病、精神因素、遺傳因素等，其按病因分類有許多特殊類型。

它的主要癥狀是：皮疹為風團、潮紅斑，大小不等，形狀各異。常突然發(fā)生，成批出現(xiàn)，數(shù)小時后又迅速消退，消退后不留痕跡，但可反復發(fā)作；自覺瘙癢，可伴有腹痛、惡心、嘔吐和胸悶、心悸、呼吸困難，少數(shù)有發(fā)熱、關節(jié)腫脹、低血壓、休克、喉頭水腫窒息癥狀等；

病程長短不一，急性蕁麻疹病程在１個月以內(nèi)，超過１個月為慢性；皮膚劃痕試驗部分病例呈陽性反應等等。同時，蕁麻疹需和丘疹性蕁麻疹及多形紅斑相鑒別，伴有腹痛腹瀉者，應注意與急腹癥及胃腸炎等鑒別。

伴有高熱和中毒癥狀者，應考慮為嚴重感染的癥狀之一。血管性水腫須與實質(zhì)性水腫如丹毒、蜂窩織炎及眼瞼部接觸性皮炎、成人硬腫病、面腫型皮膚惡性網(wǎng)狀細胞增生癥等鑒別。獲得性血管性水腫和遺傳性血管性水腫可根據(jù)以上所述幾點鑒別。

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