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兒童寓言故事《望洋興嘆的故事》文字版

出處：媽媽育兒網(wǎng)日期：2016-09-08 16:40:46編輯：橙子

望洋興嘆字面意思是在偉大的事物面前感嘆自己的渺小。現(xiàn)多比喻做事時(shí)因力不勝任或沒(méi)有條件而感到無(wú)可奈何。世界是無(wú)限的，人們對(duì)世界的認(rèn)識(shí)也是無(wú)止境的。知道少的人，往往以為自己不知道的也少；知道多的人，才會(huì)懂得自己不知道的也多。自我滿(mǎn)足是知識(shí)淺薄、眼光短淺造成的。

兒童寓言故事《望洋興嘆的故事》文字版

古文

秋水時(shí)至，百川灌河。涇流之大，兩涘渚崖之間，不辯牛馬。于是焉，河伯欣然自喜，以天下之美為盡在己。順流而東行，至于北海，東面而視，不見(jiàn)水端。于是焉河伯始旋其面目，望洋向若而嘆曰：“野語(yǔ)有之曰：‘聞道百，以為莫己若者。’我之謂也。

且夫我嘗聞少仲尼之聞，而輕伯夷之義者，始吾弗信。今我睹子之難窮也，吾非至于子之門(mén)，則殆矣，吾長(zhǎng)見(jiàn)笑于大方之家。” 　北海若曰：“井鼃不可以語(yǔ)于海者，拘于虛也；夏蟲(chóng)不可以語(yǔ)于冰者，篤于時(shí)也；曲士不可以語(yǔ)于道者，束于教也。

今爾出于崖涘，觀于大海，乃知爾丑，爾將可與語(yǔ)大理矣。天下之水，莫大于海，萬(wàn)川歸之，不知何時(shí)止而不盈；尾閭泄之，不知何時(shí)已而不虛；春秋不變，水旱不知。此其過(guò)江河之流，不可為量數(shù)。而吾未嘗以此自多者，自以比形于天地而受氣于陰陽(yáng)，吾在于天地之間，猶小石小木之在大山也。方存乎見(jiàn)少，又奚以自多！計(jì)四海之在天地之間也，不似礨空之在大澤乎？

計(jì)中國(guó)之在海內(nèi)，不似稊米之在大倉(cāng)乎？號(hào)物之?dāng)?shù)謂之萬(wàn)，人處一焉；人卒九州，谷食之所生，舟車(chē)之所通，人處一焉；此其比萬(wàn)物也，不似豪末之在于馬體乎？五帝之所連，三王之所爭(zhēng)，仁人之所憂(yōu)，任士之所勞，盡此矣！伯夷辭之以為名，仲尼語(yǔ)之以為博，此其自多也；不似爾向之自多于水乎？” ——《莊子·秋水》

譯文

秋天按時(shí)到來(lái)，千百條河川都奔注入黃河，大水一直浩瀚地流去，遙望兩岸洲渚崖石之間，辨不清牛馬的外形。于是乎，河伯（黃河之神）便欣欣然欣然自喜，以為天下所有的美景全都在自己這里了。他順著水流向東走，到了北海（今為渤海）。

他向東遙望，看不見(jiàn)水流的盡頭。于是，河伯才改變了他的神態(tài)，茫然地抬頭對(duì)北海若（北海之神）感慨地說(shuō)：“俗語(yǔ)說(shuō)：‘自以為知道很多道理，沒(méi)人能趕上自己了。’這正是說(shuō)我呀。而且，我還曾經(jīng)聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)有人貶低仲尼的學(xué)識(shí)，輕視伯夷的節(jié)義，開(kāi)始我不相信?，F(xiàn)在我看到你的浩瀚無(wú)窮，如果我不到你的面前，那是多么危險(xiǎn)，我將會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)被有見(jiàn)識(shí)的人譏笑了。”

北海若說(shuō)：“井底的蛙，不能跟它談海之大，因?yàn)樗华M小的生活環(huán)境所局限；夏天的蟲(chóng)，不能跟它談冬天的冰，因?yàn)樗艿綒夂驎r(shí)令的限制；知識(shí)淺陋的曲士，不能跟他談大道理，因?yàn)樗痪惺讵M隘的教育?，F(xiàn)在你走出了水崖河岸，看到了浩大的海，才知道你的鄙陋，你才可以同我談?wù)摯蟮览砹恕?/p>

天下所有的水，沒(méi)有比海更大的了，千百條川流都?xì)w注到大海，不知道什么時(shí)候才停止而不溢出；從尾閭流泄，也不知道什么時(shí)候會(huì)流盡而又不空；無(wú)論春天或秋天，大?？倹](méi)有變化；無(wú)論干旱水澇，大海永遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有感覺(jué)。這就是大海勝過(guò)江河水流之處，海水不能以容量來(lái)計(jì)算，但我從來(lái)沒(méi)有以此自夸，我自以為形體同于天地，氣魄受于陰陽(yáng)，我在天地之間，好象太山上的一塊小石，一株小樹(shù)，正自感到渺小，又怎么會(huì)因此自大呢。

請(qǐng)你想想四海在天地之內(nèi)，不就象一小塊石頭浸在大湖里嗎？整個(gè)國(guó)家在四海之內(nèi)，不是象太倉(cāng)中的一粒細(xì)米嗎？世上的物類(lèi)數(shù)以萬(wàn)計(jì)，人只是萬(wàn)物之一。九州之大，住了許多人，生長(zhǎng)了許多谷物糧食，通行著許多舟船車(chē)馬，人也只是其中之一。人與萬(wàn)物比較起來(lái)，不是象馬身上的一根毛嗎？

古代三王五帝所要繼承和爭(zhēng)取的，講仁義的儒者所擔(dān)憂(yōu)的，講任勞的墨家所努力的，都是這些東西。可是伯夷卻為了節(jié)義之名而辭讓不受，仲尼為了顯示多知博聞而講個(gè)不停，這是他們?cè)谧晕铱湟?，不是像你剛才自夸其水之大一樣嗎?rdquo;

這個(gè)典故寓意深刻，意在告訴我們，做人不要狂妄自大，更不能好高騖遠(yuǎn)，那種坐井觀天、夜郎自大的想法和做法實(shí)在要不得。要知道，人外有人，天外有天！

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