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青春期女生發(fā)育初期的癥狀與變化

出處：媽媽育兒網(wǎng)日期：2017-04-26 22:36:58編輯：白雪

青春期是孩子從兒童逐漸發(fā)育成熟變成成年人的一個過渡期。青春期的少年少女在心理及身體上都會有明顯的變化。青春期是一個放肆而任性的時間段，除了孩子會變得叛逆在身體上也會有較大的變化。而青春期的女生在發(fā)育的初期會有哪些變化呢？

作為父母要正確的讓孩子認識到自己身心的改變從而使孩子能夠保證身體和心理健康。正確的認識和了解青春期該有的變化對于男生女生都是有益的，不要因為男女不同或者有太重的好奇心而導(dǎo)致一些錯誤發(fā)生，今天我們就來說說青春期女生發(fā)育的癥狀及變化。

青春期是人體迅速生長發(fā)育的關(guān)鍵時期，也是繼嬰兒期后，人生第二個生長發(fā)育的高峰期。是生殖器官發(fā)育成熟、第二性征發(fā)育為標(biāo)志的初次有繁殖能力的時期。 在我國，一般把12～18歲這一年齡段看作是青春期而女孩的青春期開始年齡和結(jié)束年齡都比男孩早2年左右。

一、青春期女生發(fā)育初期的癥狀

1.性的發(fā)育：包括性腺（卵巢）、內(nèi)外生殖器官和第二性征的發(fā)育。當(dāng)女孩１３歲左右時，卵巢逐漸長大，月經(jīng)開始來潮。與之相應(yīng)，子宮、陰道和外生殖器也逐漸長大、延長及成熟。上述這些變化，一般“不露聲色”，往往不易引起人們的注意。

但是，作為女性外在變化的第二性征卻比較引人注目：9-10歲時，乳房開始發(fā)育，這是少女第一次顯示的第二性征，是青春期萌動的標(biāo)志；11歲時，陰毛出現(xiàn)；12-13歲時，乳頭乳暈繼續(xù)增大，但仍與整個乳房輪廓渾然一體；陰毛繼續(xù)增多，并向陰阜及腹壁中部發(fā)展，由細變粗，色素漸漸沉著。

女孩13歲以后(有的女孩較早），月經(jīng)初潮，但一般還不規(guī)律，在頭一二年內(nèi)，卵巢功能尚未完善或成熟到足以排卵的程度；與初潮同時或稍后，腋毛長出，陰毛呈現(xiàn)女性特有的倒三角形分布，底邊與恥骨聯(lián)合水平相平行；乳暈區(qū)腺體發(fā)育，在已豐滿增大的乳房上形成第二次隆起。

2.形態(tài)變化：在青春期這一階段，全身成長迅速，從人體形態(tài)上看尤為明顯。由于骨骼和肌肉發(fā)育較快，身高和體重迅速增加。青春期男孩身高平均增長7-9厘米，女孩可增長5-7厘米。同時體重也相應(yīng)增加５～６公斤，多者達１０公斤。此后，生長速度開始下降，月經(jīng)初潮后繼續(xù)長高的潛能有限，一般每年只有３～５厘米。從驟長開始到生長停止，女孩平均身高增長約２５厘米。

從青少年身高、體重、肩寬等發(fā)育指標(biāo)的平均值來看，是隨年齡上升而逐漸增高。而且每項指標(biāo)男女之間都有二次交叉現(xiàn)象。第一次交叉是在9-10歲，就是說9-10歲以前男性發(fā)育要比女性快。交叉后女性的各項發(fā)育指標(biāo)都超過男性。到了14-16歲，男女之間又出現(xiàn)第二次交叉，交叉后男性各項發(fā)育水平又超過了女性。以后男女差距越來越大。

3. 心理特征發(fā)生變化，這會會逐漸由女孩子的心理發(fā)展成為女性的心理；同時，在這個時期，會形成逐漸的思想和世界觀。她們開始認為自己是大人了，他們要求自立，要求別人(包括父母)尊重自己，平等對待自己，要求有獨立交友，獨立思考問題及有自己活動的小天地。

同時，亦希望能與異性朋友進行思想感情的交流，對異性產(chǎn)生愛慕之情，甚至漸漸有了戀愛及性的要求，但是他們的心理畢竟尚不成熟，情緒很不穩(wěn)定，性格、氣質(zhì)、思想的可塑性很大，很易受社會風(fēng)氣、周圍朋友、電影、電視、文學(xué)作品等傳播工具的影響。

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