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寶媽在日常生活中如何快速促進寶寶語言發(fā)育？

出處：網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集日期：2024-07-24 13:35:57編輯：秩名

“廢話”請從0歲說起

 
從寶寶出生那天起，父母就不自覺地想和親愛的寶寶說說話，但同時也會有種“對牛彈琴”的感覺。要不要和寶寶多說話？這些話寶寶能聽懂嗎？會不會說了也白說？“廢話”為什么要從0歲說起？
 

※寶寶很小就開始聽我們在說什么了※

 
寶寶語言的發(fā)展需要經(jīng)歷3個階段：
 
1)通過環(huán)境吸收大量的語音信息，分辨不同語音的差異。
 
2)將吸收到的語音信息與日常生活中發(fā)生的一切聯(lián)系起來，理解這些語音的意義，并嘗試模仿。
 
3)將各種語音信息重新組合，形成寶寶自己的語言，并逐漸優(yōu)化。
 
從語言發(fā)展需要經(jīng)歷的這3個階段中可以看出，前期給予寶寶大量的語音刺激有著非凡的意義。盡管最初與撫養(yǎng)人交流的時候，很小的寶寶聽不懂我們說的話，但是聽得多了，他自然就會結(jié)合日常生活中發(fā)生的事件，甄別他聽到的聲音，并且逐漸理解與區(qū)分每個詞、每句話的準(zhǔn)確含義。
 

※寶寶開口說話的早晚和我們對著他說話的多少有關(guān)系※

 
寶寶語言能力的發(fā)展需要經(jīng)歷一個相對比較長的積累的過程，只有積累到一定的程度，寶寶才會形成自己的語言。普遍來說，在一個豐富的語言環(huán)境刺激下成長的寶寶說話更早一些，對語言的理解也更準(zhǔn)確些。
 
但是，影響寶寶語言能力發(fā)展的因素不僅僅限于語言環(huán)境，還與寶寶發(fā)聲器官發(fā)育是否成熟相關(guān)。因此，即便在同樣的語言環(huán)境下成長，每個寶寶語言發(fā)育的進程也是有早晚之分的。有的寶寶爆發(fā)得早一些，有的寶寶爆發(fā)得晚一些。家長們千萬不要盲目去比較。
 

※從寶寶出生開始就常常對著他說話還有不少好處※

 
經(jīng)常對著寶寶說話，除了促進他語言能力的發(fā)展之外，對寶寶心理發(fā)展也有著非凡的意義。比如，不同的人與他交流的方式不同，他可以從不同的人身上接受到不一樣的信息。而同一個人，用不同的語氣、語調(diào)、音量與寶寶交流，也都有著特別的意義。所有這些對寶寶社會交往能力的發(fā)展都很有好處，可以幫助他了解人與人的差異，了解不同情境下，同一個人會有不同的情緒反應(yīng)等等。
 
尤其值得一提的是，主要撫養(yǎng)人，特別是媽媽對寶寶說話還可以起到心理上的安撫作用。這就是很多寶寶只要一聽到媽媽的聲音，就會變得很愉悅、很安心的原因。
 

※我們對著寶寶可以多說一些※

 
從寶寶出生那天起，我們就可以嘗試?yán)酶鞣N機會對他說點什么。說的內(nèi)容主要有以下幾類：
 
1)不管寶寶年齡大小，在日常生活及與寶寶游戲時，我們都可以將發(fā)生的一切用生動有趣的語言描述給他聽。句子可長可短，并根據(jù)當(dāng)時的情況隨意調(diào)整，無需嚴(yán)格按照年齡段來區(qū)分。
 
2)當(dāng)寶寶有意無意間發(fā)出某種聲音時，我們可以立刻做出回應(yīng)，熱烈地模仿他的發(fā)聲，并在模仿的基礎(chǔ)上拓展出更多的聲音。這樣的回應(yīng)既鼓勵了他發(fā)聲的行為，也為他提供了更多聲音與語言的刺激。
 
3)給寶寶念書。念書的活動可以從寶寶一出生就開始。對于6個月內(nèi)的寶寶來說，念什么都沒關(guān)系，因為他更多的是享受媽媽說話時那種聲音帶給他的愉悅感覺。6個月之后，寶寶已經(jīng)能夠聽懂一些話，懂得越來越多了，我們可以有意識地帶他一起看一些與他日常生活及游戲密切相關(guān)的圖書。2歲之后，寶寶懂得更多，基本所有的童書都可以拿來給寶寶念了。需要提醒的是，給寶寶念書時千萬不要照本宣科，而要根據(jù)寶寶的情況變通——同一本書可以嘗試以不同的方式來閱讀。比如，故事書可以當(dāng)認(rèn)知書來讀，認(rèn)知書也可以當(dāng)故事書來讀，前提是要跟隨寶寶的興趣走，千萬別牽著他的鼻子走。讓寶寶感受到其中的樂趣是重中之重。
 
4)玩一些語言的游戲。這些游戲最好根據(jù)寶寶臨時的一些表現(xiàn)隨機發(fā)起。發(fā)起這些游戲時，不要過于功利，要跟隨寶寶而動。哪怕某些語句與常識相違背，也關(guān)系不大，玩得開心就好。只有讓寶寶玩開心了，他的大腦才處于興奮狀態(tài)，此時，寶寶的接受能力才處于巔峰狀態(tài)，此時，我們與他的互動才能發(fā)揮更好的效用。
 

※家里有幾種方言也是種優(yōu)勢※

 
研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：寶寶越小，對語音的分辨能力越強，一般在10個月左右達到巔峰狀態(tài)。過了10個月，寶寶對語音的辨識力逐漸呈下降趨勢。因此，一個人越早接觸某種語言，他說得就越是地道。而如果等到幾歲尤其十幾歲之后再學(xué)習(xí)一門新的語言，由于過了語音敏感期，對一門從未聽過的語言的某些音已經(jīng)難以辨識，因此就不可避免地會帶有口音。
 
如果家中有幾種方言，但說無妨。不過，最好是每位家人都堅持以特定的語言與寶寶對話，這對他完美地把握不同種類的語言非常有好處。雖然前期因為寶寶接觸的語言種類比較多，語言發(fā)展比同齡的寶寶可能會顯得略微慢一點，但是到后期，我們會驚喜地發(fā)現(xiàn)，小家伙哪門語言都掌握得非常地道！
 
不僅如此，小時候接觸多種語言的寶寶，將來學(xué)習(xí)外語的時候，也會更具有語言優(yōu)勢哦！
 

※知識窗：決定寶寶智商的關(guān)鍵因素※

 
寶寶出生后的第一年是打好語言基礎(chǔ)的關(guān)鍵期，這時寶寶開始辨音、發(fā)音以及把意義與詞匯對應(yīng)起來。到3歲時，他的聲音將會響徹家里的每個角落。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，和寶寶直接談話是決定其智商的關(guān)鍵因素。交談、閑聊、觀察、敘述和對話對寶寶的智力開發(fā)起著至關(guān)重要的作用。當(dāng)寶寶開始學(xué)習(xí)理解和創(chuàng)作詞匯及句子時，大腦就會變得更加擅長處理語言信息。在寶寶長到18個月左右，他的詞匯量會飛速增長，而在此之前，大腦負(fù)責(zé)處理語言信息的腦組織活動日趨頻繁。這表明，接觸過豐富優(yōu)美語言的寶寶在長大以后會擁有更強的口頭表達、閱讀及寫作能力。
 
 

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