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寶寶多大才能學(xué)會(huì)分享怎么分享？

出處：網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集日期：2024-07-24 13:32:55編輯：秩名

多大才能談分享？

 
“分享”，顧名思義，即分而享之的意思。既然是分而享之，分與享自然密不可分。一個(gè)大方的寶寶可能更好地融入環(huán)境，拓展社交圈子，并將其快樂(lè)翻倍。這無(wú)疑是我們所期待的。然而，如果不了解寶寶心理發(fā)展的特點(diǎn)，在引導(dǎo)他分享這件事上，我們就可能用錯(cuò)方法，結(jié)果南轅北轍，適得其反。
 

※急于讓寶寶“分享”可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生不良后果※

 
帶寶寶出去時(shí)，如果寶寶做出一些“分享”的行為，可以讓眾人看到他表現(xiàn)得很大方，因此會(huì)贏得一片贊揚(yáng)聲，作為父母，我們可能就像喝了心靈雞湯般的暢快。畢竟，那也是我們教子有方的指標(biāo)之一。相反，如果寶寶表現(xiàn)得很小氣，我們面子上就可能掛不住。
 
們可能傾向于急迫地去改變寶寶，讓寶寶盡快學(xué)會(huì)分享。在引導(dǎo)寶寶分享這件事上，半鼓勵(lì)半強(qiáng)迫的方式無(wú)疑是最為常見(jiàn)的，也是我們自以為最有效的方式。在我們的鼓勵(lì)外加強(qiáng)迫兩種合力作用下，寶寶可能乖乖地分享了，不過(guò)，因?yàn)椴皇浅鲇谧陨淼囊庠?，這種分享往往只有“分”，缺乏“享”。寶寶體驗(yàn)不到其中的樂(lè)趣，反而有一種被剝奪的感覺(jué)。即便他暫時(shí)迫于壓力去分享了，但是這種被剝奪的感覺(jué)會(huì)深入骨髓，繼而產(chǎn)生被剝奪的恐懼心理。在這種恐懼心理的支配下，一旦擺脫爸媽的束縛，他可能將來(lái)反而變得加倍的“小氣”。因此，這樣的“分享”對(duì)寶寶心理成長(zhǎng)以及養(yǎng)成愛(ài)分享的習(xí)慣有害無(wú)益。
 

※關(guān)于“分享”這回事，不同年齡段的寶寶表現(xiàn)也不同※

 
普遍來(lái)說(shuō)，1歲前的寶寶覺(jué)得分享是個(gè)很有趣的游戲，因此他會(huì)樂(lè)于分享。
 
2歲左右，寶寶的自我意識(shí)開(kāi)始萌芽，原本喜歡分享的寶寶突然變得小氣起來(lái)。這個(gè)年齡段的寶寶可能更享受從他人那里分而享之，而不愿將自己的東西與大家分享。當(dāng)然也有例外。這跟寶寶的個(gè)性特點(diǎn)及養(yǎng)育環(huán)境有關(guān)。某些從小就習(xí)慣了分享的寶寶在這方面會(huì)表現(xiàn)得更大方些。但這并不表明一個(gè)從小就習(xí)慣分享的寶寶就一定會(huì)更樂(lè)于分享。進(jìn)入自我意識(shí)越來(lái)越強(qiáng)的階段，不少寶寶在分享這件事上會(huì)暫時(shí)性地出現(xiàn)倒退行為。
 
3歲之后，隨著寶寶心智進(jìn)一步發(fā)展，有了與小伙伴交往的欲望，他又會(huì)逐漸傾向于與人分享，以此去贏得友誼。當(dāng)然，某些他特別在意的東西，他也會(huì)拒絕分享。
 

※寶寶到底能從“分享”中體驗(yàn)到什么？※

 
若不強(qiáng)迫寶寶，他就會(huì)在分享過(guò)程中獲得很多良好體驗(yàn)：
 
●將某樣?xùn)|西分享出去之后，當(dāng)寶寶看到對(duì)方因?yàn)樽约旱姆窒矶兊煤荛_(kāi)心時(shí)，他會(huì)明確地意識(shí)到自己的分享行為與對(duì)方情緒發(fā)生變化之間的因果關(guān)系，并因此產(chǎn)生成就感。而這對(duì)提升他的自我價(jià)值感很有好處。
 
●只要不給寶寶壓力，對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)，分享本身就是一個(gè)很有趣的游戲，可以帶給他很多歡樂(lè)。
 
●習(xí)慣分享，體驗(yàn)到分享的樂(lè)趣之后，寶寶會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，分享可以更輕松地贏得友誼，獲得更多情感上的支持與回報(bào)，是一種很好的表達(dá)喜愛(ài)之情、拓展交往范圍的社交手段。他會(huì)因此更熱衷于通過(guò)這種方式去表達(dá)自己。
 
※把握正確引導(dǎo)寶寶進(jìn)行分享的時(shí)機(jī)，讓他樂(lè)在其中※
 
以正確的方式引導(dǎo)寶寶分享，才能培養(yǎng)其大方的個(gè)性。否則就可能適得其反。引導(dǎo)寶寶分享，我們需要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
 
●尊重寶寶的所有權(quán)
 
如果寶寶的所有權(quán)得不到尊重，他的內(nèi)心會(huì)有嚴(yán)重的恐慌感，在這種恐慌感的支配下，他自然不可能愛(ài)上分享。要消除這種恐慌感，我們可以先試探性地鼓勵(lì)寶寶分享，但是，當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)他并不愿意分享時(shí)，我們要尊重他的感受，允許他自由支配自己的物品：“好吧，等你不想玩的時(shí)候（等你愿意給他玩的時(shí)候）再給他吧！”
 
同樣的，當(dāng)寶寶的玩具等物品閑置在一旁，別的小朋友想玩時(shí)，如果我們確定寶寶可能發(fā)現(xiàn)，最好先征求一下寶寶的意見(jiàn)，而不是自作主張將他的玩具拱手讓人：“這是……的玩具，我做不了主。請(qǐng)稍等一會(huì)兒，我先問(wèn)問(wèn)他能不能借給你玩一會(huì)兒。”給對(duì)方小朋友這樣一個(gè)解釋后，我們?cè)偃プ鲎约覍殞毜墓ぷ鳌?/div>
 
●引導(dǎo)要注意方式
 
嬰幼兒往往具有“泛靈性”的特點(diǎn)，因此，利用他們的這個(gè)特點(diǎn)，我們可以換一種寶寶更樂(lè)于接受的方式來(lái)引導(dǎo)。比如，“你的玩具想先跟……玩一會(huì)兒，它待會(huì)兒還會(huì)回來(lái)找你的哦！你同意它跟……先玩一會(huì)兒?jiǎn)幔?rdquo;如此，寶寶就可能覺(jué)得這本身就是一個(gè)很有趣的游戲，他樂(lè)于分享的可能性就大了許多。
 
●循序漸進(jìn)進(jìn)行引導(dǎo)
 
我們還可以從別的方向有所作為。比如，我們可以先從寶寶比較熟悉、比較喜愛(ài)的人（如家人、他特別喜歡的小伙伴等）開(kāi)始練習(xí)分享，而不要一開(kāi)始就從他不那么喜歡、不那么熟悉的人開(kāi)始。同時(shí)，我們可以考慮先選擇寶寶不那么在意的一些物品，引導(dǎo)他去分享，讓他先享受到分享的樂(lè)趣。等到他享受到其中的樂(lè)趣之后，我們?cè)賴(lài)L試引導(dǎo)他去分享他比較喜歡的物品，他就更容易接受一些。通過(guò)這種循序漸進(jìn)的方式，我們就可以在不強(qiáng)求寶寶的前提下，輕輕松松引導(dǎo)他愛(ài)上分享。
 
※特別提醒※
 
●若碰上寶寶特別珍惜的物品，如果他不愿意分享，我們最好尊重他的決定。
 
●不要輕易地給寶寶下“小氣”的定義，這對(duì)改變寶寶的行為毫無(wú)益處，相反還會(huì)強(qiáng)化他的“小氣”行為。從正面引導(dǎo)寶寶效果更好。

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