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3歲前孩子的社交能力如何培養(yǎng)

出處：網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集日期：2025-01-12 15:55:05編輯：秩名
3歲前的社交能力該如何培養(yǎng)
 
　　“怎么辦?我的孩子很害羞，到公園都不喜歡和別的小朋友玩!”
 
　　“我家孩子也是，很膽小，讓他問(wèn)人也不愿意。有時(shí)候別人問(wèn)他都不應(yīng)，說(shuō)實(shí)話我挺擔(dān)心的。”
 
　　“我女兒很敏感，別的小朋友碰碰她都會(huì)哭鼻子，現(xiàn)在大家都不喜歡和她玩了，好郁悶!”
 
　　經(jīng)常聽(tīng)到身邊的媽媽擔(dān)心自己孩子的社交，這些擔(dān)心不無(wú)道理，孩子早期的社交表現(xiàn)和孩子以后的成長(zhǎng)密切相關(guān)。（關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)：朵媽親子時(shí)光 聊聊育兒那些事）
 
 
　　一般來(lái)說(shuō)，孩子早期的社交表現(xiàn)，和孩子天生的氣質(zhì)有關(guān)，但更多是受到家人的影響。鍛煉孩子的社交能力，首先要了解孩子的社交能力發(fā)展特點(diǎn)。
 
　　1歲前：最愛(ài)家人，無(wú)朋友概念
 
　　1歲前的孩子暫時(shí)沒(méi)有朋友的概念，但是對(duì)家人的陪伴需求卻非常強(qiáng)烈，只要家人不在身邊就大聲“吼”，哭鬧，直到家人出現(xiàn)了，小家伙立馬從“暴雨模式”轉(zhuǎn)到“晴天模式”，變化比什么都快。
 
　　1-2歲：“撩一撩”同齡小伙伴
 
　　1歲以后開(kāi)始逐漸有了社交的端倪，但朋友概念仍然不強(qiáng)烈，僅僅停留在見(jiàn)了面以后，看心情“撩一撩”的狀態(tài)，不見(jiàn)面也絕對(duì)不會(huì)想念。此時(shí)孩子的社交仍以家人為重，但是大部分孩子已經(jīng)有獨(dú)自玩耍的能力，只要家人在旁邊，即使不陪玩也不會(huì)大哭大鬧了。
 
　　2-3歲：開(kāi)始喜歡小群體玩耍
 
　　這個(gè)階段的孩子，看到同齡的小伙伴，會(huì)表現(xiàn)出親近的意愿，開(kāi)始互動(dòng)，進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的交流，交換玩具，并喜歡相互模仿對(duì)方的行為，但還是以自己玩為主。
 
 
　　看到這里，或許你會(huì)得出一個(gè)結(jié)論：哦!孩子3歲前都是不需要朋友的!
 
　　那就錯(cuò)了!這個(gè)階段恰恰是寶寶早期社交能力的萌芽期，家人此時(shí)的行為對(duì)孩子以后的社交能力有著重要的影響。那么，這個(gè)階段該如何培養(yǎng)孩子的社交能力?
 
　　1、給孩子充分的安全感
 
　　媽媽是孩子的第一個(gè)朋友，其次是家里的其他成員。媽媽、爸爸、祖輩的及時(shí)回應(yīng)、撫摸、親吻等，能給孩子充分的安全感。這種安全感能讓孩子感覺(jué)良好，充滿自信，不畏懼探索外部世界，更愿意親近其他人，并建立良好關(guān)系。
 
　　2、學(xué)會(huì)自己解決問(wèn)題
 
　　我之前寫過(guò)一篇文章《毫不夸張地講，孩子一歲半就能學(xué)做家務(wù)了》，文中提到，孩子1歲半開(kāi)始，便可以學(xué)習(xí)自己扔紙尿褲了。同樣地，帶孩子到超市購(gòu)物，可以鼓勵(lì)孩子把錢遞給收銀員;孩子很喜歡小伙伴的玩具，可以鼓勵(lì)孩子自己去問(wèn)，或者用玩具交換。
 
　　當(dāng)孩子在學(xué)習(xí)自己解決問(wèn)題的過(guò)程中，無(wú)形中增加了和周圍人的互動(dòng)，有利于培養(yǎng)孩子的社交能力。
 
　　3、不過(guò)分干預(yù)孩子之間的沖突
 
　　一般地，大部分孩子在3周歲前后才進(jìn)入分享階段。因此，3歲前孩子和同齡小伙伴之間最常見(jiàn)的沖突便是“搶玩具”。這個(gè)時(shí)候不必急于干預(yù)孩子之前的沖突，更不必于為孩子“出面”，幫孩子拿回自己的玩具，只要稍加引導(dǎo)，讓孩子們輪流玩即可。
 
　　過(guò)分干預(yù)，只會(huì)讓孩子在遇到?jīng)_突的時(shí)候，依賴家人來(lái)解決，自己不知所措，久而久之形成挫敗心理，畏懼社交。
 
　　4、獨(dú)自游戲與合作性游戲相結(jié)合
 
　　3歲前的孩子主要以獨(dú)自游戲?yàn)橹?，但這時(shí)候他們多半已經(jīng)表現(xiàn)出一定的親社會(huì)行為。家長(zhǎng)可以引導(dǎo)孩子和其他小朋友玩一些合作性的游戲，如躲貓貓、滾小球、排排坐等。通過(guò)游戲，讓孩子學(xué)會(huì)與同齡的小伙伴交流、互動(dòng)。
 
　　5、多給孩子創(chuàng)造社交條件
 
　　如果父母很少外出，不喜歡與人打交道，孩子很有可能會(huì)受到影響。因此想要培養(yǎng)孩子的社交能力，爸爸媽媽可以多讓孩子接觸同齡的小朋友，例如，傍晚可以多帶寶寶到花園散步，結(jié)識(shí)同齡的小伙伴;周末時(shí)間多帶孩子到有小孩的朋友家玩，克服孩子的“社交敏感”，激發(fā)孩子的社交興趣。
 
 
　　除了以上提到的幾點(diǎn)，我們還要反省自己的日常行為，掃除不利于培養(yǎng)孩子社交能力潛在因素：
 
　　1、凡事順著孩子
 
　　身邊很多朋友沒(méi)生娃之前就下定決心，不要事事順著孩子。然而生了娃之后，偏偏就成了這樣的麻麻。只要孩子一哭泣，立馬滿足孩子的要求。久而久之，孩子和大人說(shuō)話永遠(yuǎn)都帶著哭腔，表情永遠(yuǎn)是委屈狀。
 
　　凡事遷就孩子，對(duì)孩子自身的性格培養(yǎng)和能力培養(yǎng)都是不利的。如果孩子在自己的小伙伴面前也是動(dòng)不動(dòng)就哭鼻子，或者一遇到?jīng)_突了就哭著找媽媽來(lái)解決……這種情況下，友誼的小船說(shuō)翻就翻。
 
　　2、過(guò)度保護(hù)孩子
 
　　過(guò)度保護(hù)孩子的媽媽兩種，一種是害怕自己的孩子受到其他小朋友的欺負(fù)，凡事給孩子出頭。這種媽媽別說(shuō)其他小朋友，連別的家長(zhǎng)看到都會(huì)敬而遠(yuǎn)之;另一種是孩子玩泥沙怕弄臟了手，孩子爬在地上怕感染了細(xì)菌，經(jīng)常限制孩子的活動(dòng)。久而久之，孩子在參與一切的游戲之前都會(huì)戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)兢兢放不開(kāi)，更別說(shuō)融入到朋友圈里面了。（關(guān)注微信公眾號(hào)：朵媽親子時(shí)光 聊聊育兒那些事）
 
　　3、給孩子貼上“害羞”的標(biāo)簽
 
　　孩子敢于接觸家人以外的人群，這部分力量正是來(lái)自于媽媽。“我的孩子很害羞”、“我的孩子不愛(ài)說(shuō)話”，在孩子身上貼這樣的標(biāo)簽，無(wú)疑是給孩子的社交能力打了一個(gè)負(fù)分。
 
　　沒(méi)有哪個(gè)孩子天生就是“社交家”，每個(gè)孩子都是從羞澀到開(kāi)朗的。不要吝嗇你的鼓勵(lì)和支持，有了這樣的力量，孩子才能勇敢邁出社交的第一步。

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