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寶寶便便的科學(xué)：揭開(kāi)顏色、質(zhì)地、次數(shù)和量背后的健康秘密

出處：@妖精媽媽育兒經(jīng)日期：2024-08-07 12:08:52編輯：網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集

寶寶的便便讓很多父母感到非常神秘，也常常讓他們憂心忡忡。有時(shí)，它是綠色的、粘稠的；有時(shí)，它是黃色的、多汁的。這到底意味著什么呢？"嬰兒便便與成人便便不同，因此，人們對(duì)此有很多疑問(wèn)。

值得慶幸的是，揭開(kāi)這些奇異的顏色、質(zhì)地和大小背后的含義其實(shí)很簡(jiǎn)單。而且大多數(shù)情況下，你所看到的一切都非常正常。

在寫這文章前，我采訪了三位專業(yè)醫(yī)生（其中兩位是兒科胃腸病學(xué)專家），了解寶寶從出生到開(kāi)始吃固體食物期間的大便情況，包括哪些是正常的，哪些是不正常的，以及什么時(shí)候應(yīng)該給醫(yī)生打電話。

在寶寶出生后的頭幾天，要注意觀察他的大便是否呈柏油狀，顏色是否粘稠。

嬰兒出生后最初幾天排出的糞便很特別。它呈黑色、粘稠、黏糊糊的粘液狀。醫(yī)生通常將這種被稱為 "胎糞 "的大便描述為柏油狀，也有人將其描述為機(jī)油狀。由于寶寶還沒(méi)有進(jìn)食，它看起來(lái)不像我們想象中的正常大便，這是消化道在清理糞便。

那么，它到底在清理什么呢？

細(xì)胞、羊水和嬰兒在子宮內(nèi)吞咽的其他物質(zhì)，以及嬰兒腸道分泌的粘液。它還含有肝臟分泌的膽汁，這也是黑色的主要來(lái)源。

新生兒通常在出生后 24 小時(shí)內(nèi)開(kāi)始排泄胎糞，嬰兒甚至可能在分娩時(shí)排出胎糞。有些嬰兒可能每天只有一次排便，而有些嬰兒在這個(gè)階段則會(huì)全天排出少量糞便。糞便可能會(huì)持續(xù)幾天，當(dāng)它過(guò)渡到更典型的嬰兒糞便時(shí)，會(huì)變得更加黑綠色。

從寶寶出生到開(kāi)始吃固體食物，大便的次數(shù)可能會(huì)有所不同。

從寶寶開(kāi)始吃母乳或配方奶粉到她開(kāi)始吃固體食物，她的大便可能會(huì)有很大的變化。寶寶的便便不應(yīng)該是一種特定的樣子，在大多數(shù)情況下，看起來(lái)有點(diǎn)不正常的便便其實(shí)是正常的。"

顏色

最常見(jiàn)的嬰兒便便顏色是芥末黃色--黃褐色或黃棕色，但也有可能是黃色、橙色、棕色或綠色。每天、每周或每月的顏色可能會(huì)有一些變化。如果寶寶吃的是配方奶，顏色的變化可能會(huì)比吃母乳大一些。

父母?jìng)儾槐剡^(guò)度分析嬰兒尿布上留下的顏色，但有三種顏色可能預(yù)示著問(wèn)題：紅色、黑色和白色。

紅色糞便可能意味著孩子的大便中有新鮮血液，可能來(lái)自下消化道。

黑色則可能是胃腸道較高部位出血。雖然紅便和黑便總是需要立即呼叫醫(yī)生或由醫(yī)生進(jìn)行評(píng)估，但它們并不總是嚴(yán)重問(wèn)題的信號(hào)。例如，黑便可能是由鐵質(zhì)補(bǔ)充劑等良性物質(zhì)引起的。大便發(fā)紅的常見(jiàn)原因包括母乳喂養(yǎng)時(shí)吞下媽媽乳頭上的血跡、便秘時(shí)用力過(guò)猛或尿布疹。

白色糞便可能是缺乏膽汁的跡象--膽汁是糞便顏色的主要來(lái)源。沒(méi)有膽汁，大便最終會(huì)變成蒼白色或白色。這種顏色可能預(yù)示著嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題，比如從肝臟輸送膽汁的管道被堵塞，可能導(dǎo)致肝臟受損。

不過(guò)，看到這三種顏色中的任何一種并不一定意味著可怕的診斷。

一致性

主要以母乳為食的嬰兒的糞便往往稀薄、松散、多汁，這種糞便就像顆粒狀的芥末、干酪或濃湯。由于大便水分較多，讓很多家長(zhǎng)感到困惑，認(rèn)為這是腹瀉。用配方奶粉喂養(yǎng)的嬰兒的大便往往更成形一些，更容易被定義為黏糊糊的。但無(wú)論如何喂養(yǎng)，寶寶的糞便都應(yīng)該是軟的，而且可以輕松排出。

如果寶寶的大便異常稀薄（注意，稀便也是正常的），她可能有腹瀉。如果您發(fā)現(xiàn)寶寶在短時(shí)間內(nèi)頻繁排出水樣便，會(huì)導(dǎo)致寶寶脫水，請(qǐng)及時(shí)與兒科醫(yī)生聯(lián)系。

如果寶寶的便便很硬或像鵝卵石一樣，說(shuō)明他她可能是便秘。如果便秘不伴有其他相關(guān)癥狀，如發(fā)燒或嘔吐，則不一定是緊急情況，但如果便秘持續(xù)一周以上，也要及時(shí)聯(lián)系醫(yī)生。

次數(shù)

與嬰兒糞便的其他特征一樣，排便次數(shù)的 "正常 "范圍也很大。有些寶寶可能一天拉八次，而有些寶寶可能五天才拉一次。與我交談過(guò)的專家說(shuō)，以母乳為主食的嬰兒往往比配方奶粉喂養(yǎng)的嬰兒大便次數(shù)范圍更廣（雖然他們不清楚為什么會(huì)這樣）。母乳喂養(yǎng)的嬰兒從五天一次到一天五次都有可能，這完全正常。而配方奶喂養(yǎng)的嬰兒更像是一天一到三次。他們通常不會(huì)跳奶超過(guò)一天。

排便量

寶寶大便的量也會(huì)有很大差異。您的寶寶可能一整天都有小坨小坨的便便，也可能只有一次較大的排便。排便次數(shù)不同，排便量也會(huì)不同。但是，如果您的孩子經(jīng)常排出大量的大便，或者很少排出少量的大便，這可能表明他們有腹瀉或便秘。

好了，關(guān)于寶寶拉臭臭這件事，我們今天就聊到這里，希望對(duì)你的育兒之路有所幫助。

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