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六個月寶寶拉肚子怎么辦？

出處：媽媽育兒網日期：2010-07-17 13:20:57編輯：admin

六個月寶寶拉肚子怎么辦？腹瀉是嬰幼兒時期的常見病、多發(fā)病，是導致嬰幼兒死亡的主要原因之一。本病夏秋季節(jié)發(fā)病數(shù)量高，得病年齡多在1歲半以下。目前嬰幼兒腹瀉從病因上可分為感染性和非感染性腹瀉兩大類，前者可由細菌、病毒、霉菌、寄生蟲感染引起，后者主要是由飲食因素和氣候因素導致。在感染因素引起的腹瀉中，以細菌的病毒感染最為多見。下面談談由不同原因導致腹瀉的特點和防治方法。

一、 細菌性腹瀉：細菌性腹瀉以夏季發(fā)病數(shù)量高。在人工喂養(yǎng)時，喂養(yǎng)時所用的器皿和食物很容易被污染，如果消毒不好，就有感染的可能。幼兒進食不潔食物及飲料可以導致發(fā)病。此外，長期應用大量抗生素導致菌群失調也可以引起細菌性腹瀉。由于引起腹瀉的細菌不同，所以臨床表現(xiàn)也不相同。

1、 大腸桿菌引起的腹瀉多在夏季發(fā)病，起病比較緩慢，開始輕，逐漸加重。出現(xiàn)嘔吐、低熱及脫水癥狀，大便有腥臭味，可有較多粘粹，亦可有便血情況。

2、 金黃色葡萄球菌引起的腹瀉多由于長期大量使用抗生素導致的菌群失調所致。主要特點為不同程度的發(fā)燒、腹瀉和嘔吐，大便開始呈黃綠色，3-4天后變成有腥臭味的暗綠色水樣便。次數(shù)極多，每天可達10-20次，小兒脫水情況嚴重。

3、 霉菌引起的腹瀉多并發(fā)于其他感染或長期應用廣譜抗生素的病兒。大便每天3-4次，為黃色稀水便，有的像豆腐渣狀，有的呈綠色，泡沫多，帶有粘液。

預防細菌性腹瀉主要是注意嚴格消毒喂養(yǎng)嬰兒用的奶瓶、奶鍋等物。一般奶瓶和奶嘴用水煮30分鐘即可殺死所有的細菌。牛奶要煮沸飲用。禁止給幼兒吃在冰箱內放置時間較長的食品及飲料和不干凈的食物。避免長期大量使用廣譜抗生素。

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