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無痛分娩好嗎 無痛分娩可消除剖腹產弊端

出處：媽媽育兒網(wǎng) 日期：2010-10-31 12:02:31 編輯：admin

在北京市的某些醫(yī)療機構，剖腹產比例已經達到了60%左右，北京婦產醫(yī)院剖腹產的比例也接近40%。專家提醒孕婦，隨著醫(yī)療技術的發(fā)展，要避免分娩時的疼痛，除了剖腹產還可以選擇無痛分娩。

北京婦產醫(yī)院徐銘軍指出，剖腹產會增加產婦術后腸粘連、附件炎癥、傷口感染、子宮內膜異位癥等發(fā)生的機會；同時也不利于產婦分泌乳汁和子宮的恢復，導致產婦術后恢復時間長、下地晚，還有術后血栓形成的風險。對新生兒來講，由于胎頭及胸部未經陰道壁的擠壓及缺少對外界環(huán)境的逐漸適應能力，產后有可能增加新生兒顱內出血和肺炎的機會，增加患兒多動癥的機會，也使新生兒情商較低。

因此專家建議孕婦，不要一味依賴剖腹產，可以考慮選擇分娩鎮(zhèn)痛(也就是無痛分娩)。據(jù)悉，目前分娩鎮(zhèn)痛的方式有許多，主要分為非藥物性與藥物性兩種：非藥物性方法包括加強產前教育、心理暗示、呼吸調節(jié)、導樂培產、電磁儀刺激、穴位注射、水中分娩等；藥物性方法包括肌注用藥、局部阻滯和硬膜外自控鎮(zhèn)痛(PCEA)等。

在這些方法中，目前公認最為有效的方法是硬膜外自控鎮(zhèn)痛的方式，已經在西方國家開展30余年，是在孕婦進入一定的產程后，將一根微細導管置入產婦硬膜外腔，隨產程進展連續(xù)泵注微量止痛藥物的方法。用藥后十幾分鐘，產婦即不再感覺疼痛且頭腦清醒，可以吃東西、喝水，下地行走。由于鎮(zhèn)痛藥的劑量和藥物濃度只是剖宮產藥量的1/10—1/20，通過胎盤微乎其微，對胎兒不會產生不良影響。

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