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想順產(chǎn)又怕痛 究竟無痛分娩離百姓到底有多遠？(2)

出處：媽媽育兒網(wǎng) 日期：2018-02-09 10:56:42 編輯：婧待花開

障礙二：產(chǎn)前教育少且不到位

在廣州的一產(chǎn)房里，有4位待產(chǎn)婦。盡管專家們不斷與她們溝通，但還是沒有一位愿意試試無痛分娩。“中國行”2008年6月8日第一天只等到一位產(chǎn)婦。這位產(chǎn)婦用了全程美式分娩鎮(zhèn)痛分娩后，她的“事跡”傳遍了全院產(chǎn)科病房，后幾天志愿者終于忙得不可開交。

國內(nèi)孕婦的心理是，如果能忍受宮縮時的疼痛，就不愿意無痛分娩。中國母親很偉大，怕寶寶受傷害，寧愿忍受痛苦。這與我們的孕期宣教不到位有關(guān)。

民眾當中會有很多人對于疼痛時是否需要鎮(zhèn)痛心存疑慮，誤認為生孩子就必須痛，不痛在生產(chǎn)過程中可能生不出孩子，疼痛是必須經(jīng)歷的過程。其實，大量循證醫(yī)學(xué)臨床研究已經(jīng)給了明確的答案：椎管內(nèi)鎮(zhèn)痛是不通過血液的，到達胎兒的麻藥非常微量。而且，這種鎮(zhèn)痛方法避免了全身用藥，鎮(zhèn)痛完全，能減少產(chǎn)婦神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌改變，增加胎盤血流，減少代謝紊亂，改善胎兒內(nèi)環(huán)境，減少死亡，利于哺乳，可總體提高母嬰的安全性。

無痛分娩離百姓到底有多遠

障礙三：鎮(zhèn)痛與其他方法主次不分

水中分娩、打水針、香療，還有呼吸法、陪產(chǎn)法、導(dǎo)樂法等，在一些醫(yī)院被積極開展。國內(nèi)一部分學(xué)者極力推崇完全的、非醫(yī)療干預(yù)的分娩方式。這些都屬于各學(xué)派觀點，在全世界各地都有，也是醫(yī)護工作者盡心盡力為減少產(chǎn)痛而做的各種努力。大家的目標是一致的，只是具體做法不同，有效性不一樣。

簡而言之，分娩過程中產(chǎn)痛只是其中一個問題，精神情感上的壓力也需要一些相應(yīng)的對策。例如，椎管內(nèi)分娩鎮(zhèn)痛的操作需要時間，幾個病人同時需要分娩鎮(zhèn)痛時，這種等待是非常漫長的，要有些辦法（如呼吸法、注意力分散法）來解決。

有些禁忌癥，比如出血病人，用椎管內(nèi)分娩鎮(zhèn)痛容易產(chǎn)生血腫、癱瘓，需要有一些備選的方案鎮(zhèn)痛?；蛘撸跊]有確定產(chǎn)程是否啟動時，待產(chǎn)婦可能有些非常不爽的疼痛，可選用靜脈阿片類藥物鎮(zhèn)痛。 

障礙四：臨床經(jīng)驗和認識不足

在廣州南方站，一產(chǎn)婦妊娠足月，有剖宮產(chǎn)史，前置胎盤，術(shù)中失血6000ml。產(chǎn)房卻沒有麻醉人員、麻醉設(shè)備和器械，也沒有麻醉藥物，對待產(chǎn)孕婦沒有任何安全防范，產(chǎn)婦飲食也沒有限制；在重慶站，一位產(chǎn)婦會陰修補時暈厥，另一位產(chǎn)婦宮頸痙攣、胎頭嵌頓……

產(chǎn)房需要配有麻醉機，并且24小時通電，備有搶救設(shè)備和藥品，交接班復(fù)查清點。麻醉醫(yī)生24小時進駐產(chǎn)房，并對每一位等待分娩的產(chǎn)婦全面了解病史體檢和化驗檢查。高危孕婦產(chǎn)前要有新生兒醫(yī)生、麻醉醫(yī)生和產(chǎn)科醫(yī)生會診，并制訂了分娩計劃和各種必要備用措施；必要時還要有放射介入等科的醫(yī)生參與。孕婦在待產(chǎn)入院后，手臂留有留置針，以便急救。要有嚴格的胎心監(jiān)護。

由于沒有模板、沒有經(jīng)驗、沒有眼見為實，醫(yī)護人員不相信全程無痛分娩。有些人誤以為椎管內(nèi)分娩鎮(zhèn)痛沒有什么技術(shù)含量，可隨意配方，對鎮(zhèn)痛不全視而不見。

小編的話：事實上，無痛分娩對胎兒并沒有太大的影響，而且無痛分娩可以有效的減輕分娩時的疼痛感，可以縮短產(chǎn)程，讓媽媽們可以很輕松順利的生下寶寶。以上我們總結(jié)了，關(guān)于無痛分娩之所以百姓很遠的四個障礙，大家可能通過上文來進行詳細的了解學(xué)習(xí)。關(guān)于無痛分娩，需要根據(jù)產(chǎn)婦自己的意愿和需求來進行選擇，如果產(chǎn)婦在生孩子過程中實在無法忍受疼痛，是完全可以選擇無痛分娩的哦。

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