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不同年齡段英語啟蒙的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)對(duì)比，3—6歲學(xué)英語的好處有哪些

出處：網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集日期：2025-05-06 02:19:02編輯：胖虎愛撩妹
英語啟蒙意識(shí)比較好的家長(zhǎng)會(huì)較早對(duì)孩子的英語學(xué)習(xí)做好規(guī)劃。但大部分家長(zhǎng)對(duì)英語啟蒙是沒有明晰的認(rèn)識(shí)的，等到孩子大了學(xué)英語出現(xiàn)問題的時(shí)候才到處找答案。蓋老師總結(jié)了3歲、6歲、8歲三個(gè)起點(diǎn)的啟蒙方式的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)的對(duì)比:
 
1) 從時(shí)間總投入量的角度來看，3歲起點(diǎn)的小童花的時(shí)間最多最長(zhǎng)，但優(yōu)點(diǎn)是最開心、最不花力氣，順順當(dāng)當(dāng)，最自然。“母語習(xí)得法”充分利用了天賦的低齡兒童習(xí)得語言的優(yōu)勢(shì)，最不需要?jiǎng)佑?ldquo;毅力”來堅(jiān)持，也不需要拼智商，每個(gè)兒童都能成功。
 
與小童相對(duì)應(yīng)，8歲起點(diǎn)的大童就需要拼“刻苦努力”、拼自覺性和智商了，雖然入門較快，花的時(shí)間最少，但口音已無優(yōu)勢(shì)，學(xué)得特別好、最終達(dá)到高流利度的只占總?cè)巳旱?%左右(按目前中國(guó)的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字，將來也許會(huì)改變提升)。6歲起點(diǎn)中童的情況介于兩者之間。
 
 
2) 從學(xué)習(xí)者達(dá)到的水平來看，學(xué)齡前啟蒙的孩子水平最高，最容易達(dá)到和英美同步，在前面一直領(lǐng)跑。但凡事都不是絕對(duì)的，英語學(xué)習(xí)是條長(zhǎng)路，至少需要堅(jiān)持十年，所以往往是堅(jiān)持得好的孩子水平最高。
 
啟蒙早的，中途松了勁兒，堅(jiān)持得不好，后來“泯然眾人矣"也是很常見的。此外，每個(gè)家
 
庭為孩子創(chuàng)造的條件、能分給英語的學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間、當(dāng)?shù)氐膸熧Y水平、父母的重視程度、孩子感興趣的程度和學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)、性格、智力、自覺性等等，都是決定其最終水平的變量。
 
所以，孩子開始學(xué)英語晚了，也不用太后悔，事在人為，既然已經(jīng)如此，不如尋找最適合孩子的學(xué)習(xí)方法和資源，幫助孩子迎頭趕上。我曾見過1年級(jí)起點(diǎn)的孩子，也見過3年級(jí)起點(diǎn)的孩子，奮起直追，在小學(xué)畢業(yè)時(shí)追上了小童啟蒙的孩子，閱讀一樣的原版書，初二考入知名美國(guó)高中學(xué)習(xí)。
 
 
3) 前面說的都是越小啟蒙越好，那“問題一”來了:是不是從0歲啟蒙、1歲啟蒙更好呢?我的回答是:不鼓勵(lì)3歲之前啟蒙。前面曾提到，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)兩歲半以下的兒童只能和真人(而不是電視和電子產(chǎn)品)在互動(dòng)中學(xué)習(xí)語言。幼兒?jiǎn)⒚梢考议L(zhǎng)和孩子在生活中說英語，語音還要完美，這對(duì)于中國(guó)大多數(shù)家長(zhǎng)來說，要求太高了，操作性不強(qiáng)。
 
3歲以后，孩子就可以從其他途徑如電視教學(xué)片、音頻中學(xué)習(xí)語言了，此時(shí)再學(xué)不遲。只要保證音視頻的輸入量大于父母的輸入量，3歲啟蒙的孩子都能習(xí)得地道語音。
 
第二個(gè)家長(zhǎng)常問我的問題是:學(xué)齡前就學(xué)了英語，英語水平是很高了。那會(huì)不會(huì)影響漢語學(xué)習(xí)呢?經(jīng)過我多年的觀察，的確在極個(gè)別啟蒙早又效果超好的孩子身上，發(fā)生過英語閱讀領(lǐng)先于漢語閱讀的情況，但這個(gè)影響因人而異，因做法而異，是可控的。
 
英語實(shí)現(xiàn)與英美同步閱讀后，可能會(huì)對(duì)漢語閱讀造成影響，主要因?yàn)橛⒄Z比漢語好學(xué)，英語閱讀上路快、輕松愉悅，造成了一些孩子的英語閱讀能力高出了漢語閱讀能力。人都是愛撿輕松的干，就導(dǎo)致了個(gè)別孩子愛讀英語書、不愛讀漢語書的問題。
 
 
還有一個(gè)原因是英語童書又多又好看，而漢語兒童作品近年才開始興盛，品種上還沒有那么豐富，愛上英語閱讀后，漢語閱讀就被孩子冷落了，推銷不易。
 
我想說的是:雖然個(gè)別孩子出現(xiàn)了這個(gè)“幸福的”小問題，家長(zhǎng)也不必?fù)?dān)心，在漢語大環(huán)境下，孩子的漢語不會(huì)因?qū)W了英語而落后。學(xué)校的語文教育抓得緊，只要在中國(guó)的公立學(xué)校里，對(duì)語文的投入就大大多于用于英語的時(shí)間，漢語不會(huì)有問題的。
 
反倒是英語，如果小時(shí)候有大把時(shí)間的時(shí)候抓得不緊，到了小高和初中，課業(yè)繁多，分給英語學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)間有限，再加上適齡原版材料不好找，孩子對(duì)于聽力、閱讀材料提不起興趣，實(shí)際上越晚學(xué)，就越難以達(dá)到高水平。

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