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備孕準(zhǔn)爸媽們要遠(yuǎn)離有害的工作

出處：網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集 日期：2024-07-08 12:45:37 編輯：秩名

（1）電磁輻射相關(guān)工作：不同行業(yè)從事計(jì)算機(jī)操作的女性，其妊娠劇吐、先兆流產(chǎn)、自然流產(chǎn)以及月經(jīng)異常的發(fā)生率與不從事計(jì)算機(jī)工作的女性相比差異顯著，孕期從事電磁輻射相關(guān)作業(yè)可能會(huì)增加先兆流產(chǎn)和自然流產(chǎn)的危險(xiǎn)性。
 
長(zhǎng)時(shí)間從事電磁輻射相關(guān)作業(yè)的女性，易發(fā)生月經(jīng)不調(diào)，如果長(zhǎng)期接受超強(qiáng)度的電磁輻射，則可能出現(xiàn)皮膚衰老加快，子代先天缺陷率增高，惡性腫瘤患病概率增加。孕婦流產(chǎn)率升高，胚胎發(fā)育不良，畸胎發(fā)生率升高。男性則會(huì)引起精子活性降低，數(shù)量減少。電磁輻射還會(huì)導(dǎo)致頭痛、失眠、心律失常等神經(jīng)衰弱癥狀。
 
電磁輻射對(duì)操作者本身DNA的損傷不明顯，但可能引起子代胚胎組織DNA的損傷。
 
為保護(hù)母嬰的身心健康，提高人口素質(zhì)，生個(gè)健康聰明的寶寶，懷孕女性，特別是在懷孕之前3個(gè)月，應(yīng)該做不接觸電磁輻射的相關(guān)工作。
 
（2）化學(xué)及放射性工作：化學(xué)物品及放射性照射不僅會(huì)對(duì)生殖系統(tǒng)造成破壞，對(duì)于胚胎也會(huì)產(chǎn)生致畸甚至致死的影響。
 
孕婦一次大劑量或多次小劑量接受X線治療可引起胎兒畸形。孕婦在日常生活中接觸的化學(xué)物質(zhì)如鋁、鉛、汞等均會(huì)造成胎兒大腦及神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)缺陷。
 
男性睪丸對(duì)許多化學(xué)物質(zhì)很敏感，使精子受到傷害，常見(jiàn)的有鉛、汞、鎘、錫、砷、鎳、鈷、苯等。另外，農(nóng)藥也可使精子異常，導(dǎo)致流產(chǎn)、死胎、新生兒缺陷等，如苯菌靈、二溴氯丙烷、甲基汞、環(huán)氧七氯等。
 
夫妻雙方婚后應(yīng)注意避免X線照射。尤其是計(jì)劃懷孕的夫妻更要避免X線照射。
 
從事噴灑農(nóng)藥、除草劑等工作的男性，至少保證在接觸藥物后的70天內(nèi)避免妻子懷孕。
 
有些科研性質(zhì)的工作也會(huì)接觸到有放射性成分的物質(zhì)或有毒的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，但是這種工作一般有嚴(yán)格的防護(hù)措施以保證從事者的安全，從事此種工作者不用特意調(diào)換崗位。
 
（3）飛來(lái)飛去的職業(yè)：目前，有些行業(yè)工作者如空姐、職業(yè)經(jīng)理人、資深傳媒者等，從事不規(guī)律工作，存在著工作與生育的不協(xié)調(diào)性。有調(diào)查顯示，這些人的生育能力也低于規(guī)律生活者。
 
因工作需要經(jīng)常早出晚歸，休息、飲食沒(méi)有規(guī)律，工作高度緊張，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒(méi)有性生活等會(huì)導(dǎo)致精子的數(shù)量和存活率下降。并且由于精子代謝速度減慢，還會(huì)導(dǎo)致精子老化，活力、質(zhì)量大大降低，導(dǎo)致難以受孕。如果不能改變不規(guī)律的生活習(xí)慣，那么計(jì)劃生育的夫妻應(yīng)暫時(shí)調(diào)換一下工作。
 
（4）醫(yī)務(wù)工作者：某些科室的臨床醫(yī)生、護(hù)士，在傳染病流行期間，經(jīng)常與患各種病毒感染的病人密切接觸，而這些病毒主要是風(fēng)疹病毒、流感病毒、巨細(xì)胞病毒等，會(huì)對(duì)胎兒造成嚴(yán)重危害。因此，臨床醫(yī)務(wù)人員在計(jì)劃受孕或早孕階段，若正值病毒性傳染病流行期間，最好加強(qiáng)自我保健，嚴(yán)防病毒危害，暫離臨床工作崗位。
 
婦女的卵巢對(duì)放射線十分敏感。如果懷孕前長(zhǎng)期受到小劑量的放射線照射，可使卵細(xì)胞發(fā)生染色體畸變或基因突變，若此時(shí)懷孕，極易發(fā)生胎兒畸形。懷孕后接受大量放射線，可使胎兒染色體斷裂、畸變，也會(huì)造成胎兒畸形。
 
醫(yī)護(hù)人員中，凡是從事放射線作業(yè)的已婚待孕婦女，懷孕前半年應(yīng)停止接觸放射線的工作，在懷孕后最好暫時(shí)調(diào)離此項(xiàng)工作，以避免自然流產(chǎn)、新生兒死亡、先天性畸形及遺傳性疾病的發(fā)生。
 
（5）金融分析師：準(zhǔn)爸爸從事的工作性質(zhì)同樣會(huì)影響生育情況。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，與從事其他職業(yè)的男性相比，金融分析工作的男性更有可能不育。
 
從事的工作是與數(shù)字和錢(qián)（股票、核算）打交道的人，存在著潛在的生育危機(jī)。調(diào)查顯示，從事金融分析的男性不育概率是普通男性的5倍。
 
盡管研究人員還不能準(zhǔn)確地解釋出現(xiàn)上述差異的原因，但是他們指出，心理緊張、較高的工作要求是導(dǎo)致男性不育的主要因素。
 
如果想要孩子而又從事著這種注意力高度緊張的工作，最好在準(zhǔn)備要孩子前1年停止這項(xiàng)工作。
 
另外，準(zhǔn)媽媽孕前，還應(yīng)回避高度緊張、不能適當(dāng)休息的工作，需要長(zhǎng)時(shí)間站立的工作，需要在室溫過(guò)高或過(guò)低的地方作業(yè)的工作，以及噪聲較大和振動(dòng)的工作。
 

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