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節(jié)育環(huán)有哪些優(yōu)缺點 安環(huán)前你一定要知道的三二事

出處：媽媽育兒網 日期：2018-05-18 17:21:24 編輯：婧子

國內計劃生育部門規(guī)定，凡是已經生育過一孩的育齡婦女，在生完孩子以后需要進行上環(huán)手術，順產媽媽產后3個月上環(huán)，剖腹產媽媽產后6個月上環(huán)。這樣的硬性規(guī)定，目的是為了更好的控制計劃生育，也是產后媽媽們避免了意外懷孕的風險。

可是，在我們的身邊有許多女性朋友，她是不適合上環(huán)的，因為她們的身體體質并不適合上環(huán)；而有的女性朋友，卻認為上環(huán)是一種比較可靠和值得依賴的避孕措施之一。那么，節(jié)育環(huán)有哪些優(yōu)缺點？哪些人不適合上環(huán)？以上關于女性上環(huán)的那些事情，趕快一起來看看吧。

節(jié)育環(huán)有哪些優(yōu)缺點

節(jié)育環(huán)的優(yōu)點：

1、可逆。取出后即可恢復生育。

2、不干擾內分泌，不影響性生活。

3、簡便。一次放置長期有效(5-20年)。

4、安全。有效率達95%左右。

5、目前第三代銅、消炎痛的活性節(jié)育器具有降低失敗率，又可減少因使用節(jié)育器引起的月經出血多的問題。

節(jié)育環(huán)的缺點：

1、酸痛放環(huán)后一部分婦女會出現(xiàn)下腹或腰背部的酸痛不適，這是因為放置于子宮內的避孕環(huán)對子宮來說是“異物”，尤其是偏大或位置較低時，子宮為排出這“異物”產生收縮，引起宮縮痛。

2、出血放環(huán)后短期內少量出血是由于安放避孕環(huán)擦破了子宮內膜，但很快就能修復，出血一般持續(xù)數(shù)日，血量不超過經量，不需處理。

但是部分婦女，約為15%~20%，放置避孕環(huán)后，由于子宮內膜發(fā)生組織化學改變，產生局部凝血障礙，表現(xiàn)為月經量過多、月經期延長、經期不規(guī)則出血，個別還有月經淋漓不凈、白帶增多混有血液等，由此可以造成機體內鐵的大量流失，這不僅可以引起貧血，還會影響肌紅蛋白、細胞色素及含鐵酶的功能，使患者出現(xiàn)困倦乏力，萎靡不振等表現(xiàn)。

3、異常懷孕節(jié)育環(huán)只能阻止子宮腔內的正常懷孕，而不能預防子宮外的異常懷孕(即宮外孕)，所以，不可避免少數(shù)放節(jié)育環(huán)避孕的婦女發(fā)生宮外孕。

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