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避孕環(huán) 對身體的傷害沒想象的恐怖！(2)

出處：媽媽育兒網 日期：2014-07-01 09:49:13 編輯：Chen

節(jié)育環(huán)到底對身體有無損害？

要想知道節(jié)育環(huán)的安全性如何，我們得先了解節(jié)育環(huán)的種類，節(jié)育器根據(jù)原理可分為兩類，一類是惰性宮內節(jié)育器，一類是活性宮內節(jié)育器。

所謂惰性宮內節(jié)育器就是由惰性材料如金屬、硅膠、塑料或尼龍等材料制成，隨之取代的就是活性宮內節(jié)育器，就是在原來的基礎上，在材料上涂上活性物質，如金屬、激素、藥物及磁性物質等?，F(xiàn)在活性宮內節(jié)育器主要是帶銅宮內節(jié)育器和含孕激素的節(jié)育器。

不同類型的節(jié)育器作用方法也不同，但總的來說，都是通過節(jié)育環(huán)干擾精子的生存，阻止受精卵的著床。惰性節(jié)育器材料本身作為異物刺激子宮內膜，導致局部的無菌性炎性反應，產生前列腺素，抑制胚胎的生長，從而阻止受精卵的著床。另外，放置節(jié)育器之后，宮腔內環(huán)境會發(fā)生變化，吞噬細胞覆蓋于子宮內膜上，有吞噬精子的作用，可以影響胚胎的發(fā)育。

而含孕激素的節(jié)育器、帶銅節(jié)育器是在惰性節(jié)育器的基礎上，增加了孕激素或銅離子的緩慢釋放。含孕激素的節(jié)育器是通過釋放孕激素或其他活性物（鋅、磁等）達到避孕的目的。而帶銅節(jié)育器是隨著銅離子的緩慢釋放，使內膜細胞代謝受到干擾，進而使受精卵著床及囊胚發(fā)育受到影響。

劉艷說：“放置或者取出節(jié)育環(huán)等宮腔內手術，都可能導致炎癥，譬如盆腔炎等，但是因此而拒絕節(jié)育環(huán)則沒有必要，因為炎癥的發(fā)生主要還是由于術前性生活、手術消毒不嚴格，或者術前適應癥選擇不當，生殖道原來就有慢性炎癥，經由手術干擾而引起的急性發(fā)作擴散，甚至做宮腔鏡檢查也可能引發(fā)炎癥。”

劉艷介紹說，目前國內最好的避孕方法就是帶節(jié)育環(huán)避孕，當然，如果實在是有心理障礙，或者體質屬于易發(fā)炎，擔心引起其他癥狀的話，也可以使用避孕藥或者避孕套避孕，不過需要提醒大家的是，避孕藥使用過多，可能會影響內分泌

美國，18歲以下有性生活的女性也帶避孕環(huán)

節(jié)育器的壓迫刺激造成的無菌性炎癥是人體面對無菌性異物刺激時局部免疫力增強的正?，F(xiàn)象。當宮腔內有活動的精子和受精卵時，這種局部增強的免疫力可以起到殺滅精子和受精卵的作用。這個炎癥反應的強度跟我們平時身體局部挫傷后的紅腫類似，對人體自身沒有害處。

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