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3歲前寶寶營養(yǎng)的重要性

出處：媽媽育兒網日期：2010-01-22 16:27:43編輯：admin

寶寶大腦和智力的發(fā)育都需要充足的營養(yǎng)。研究證明：人腦細胞有兩次分裂高峰。即妊娠26周和出生后的一個短時期。我國神經生理學家張香桐指出：人腦神經細胞的數目在出生后6個月內還在繼續(xù)增加。人腦細胞增加必需有蛋白質、核酸以及一些輔助營養(yǎng)素的充分供應。嬰幼兒時期是關鍵時期，嬰兒在產前或產后7個月內的營養(yǎng)十分重要。特別是懷孕的最后3個月，是胎兒大腦生長發(fā)育最快時期。在這個時期，如果缺少營養(yǎng)，腦細胞的數目就會減少，智力的發(fā)育就要受到限制，甚至低能。

兒童的發(fā)育，首先是大腦。據研究，嬰兒第—年大腦的重量增加最快，可達900g;到一歲時，大腦皮層依枕葉、顳葉、頂葉、額葉的次序逐漸發(fā)育成熟;到7歲時，大腦的重量為1200g，約為成人腦重的90%，據美國布魯姆研究測定：以17歲少年的智力發(fā)育水平為100，4歲時已有50%的智力，8歲時就有80%。

腦細胞的發(fā)育離不開蛋白質、脂肪、碳水化合物、維生素和礦物質。

蛋白質是腦細胞的主要成分，?；撬醽碜缘鞍踪|的氨基酸，在促進胎兒和嬰幼兒腦發(fā)育方面，有利于腦細胞的發(fā)育、增殖和成熟，并能使神經網絡變得發(fā)達，功能健全。母乳富含牛磺酸，母乳喂養(yǎng)可起到良好的健腦作用。

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